Figure 5. Changes in the numbers of intact neurons, apoptotic neurons, and the ratio of apoptotic/intact neurons in the CA₁ area of the hippocampus following treatments. Formaldehyde administration caused a significant increase in the numbers of cells representing nuclear damage (implying apoptosis) (B) and the ratio of the apoptotic/intact neurons (C) in the CA₁ area of the hippocampus. There were no significant differences in the numbers of intact neurons between groups (A).

^****p<0.0001 when compared to control. ^####p<0.0001 when compared to FA

sham: no treatment, FA: formaldehyde 60 mg/kg, Co: FA 60 mg/kg + solvent, CE_100,200,400: FA 60 mg/kg + methanolic cinnamon extract 100, 200, 400 mg/kg.