Figure 7. Changes in the hippocampal levels of phospho-tau and apoptosis markers among groups. Levels of phospho-tau (A, B) and Caspase-8 (A, C) were found to be significantly higher in the FA group. Although Caspase-9 (A, D) levels were also increased, the changes were not statistically significant. Administration of CE at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly eliminated the hippocampal levels of phospho-tau and Caspase-8. Slight and insignificant decreases in the levels of Caspase-9 were also seen.

^***p<0.001, and ^****p<0.0001 when compared to control, ^##p<0.01 when compared to FA

sham: no treatment, FA: formaldehyde 60 mg/kg, Co: FA 60 mg/kg + solvent, CE_100,200,400: FA 60 mg/kg + methanolic cinnamon extract 100, 200, 400 mg/kg.