Table 1.

Concise description of extraction techniques used. All technical variations are based on maceration or percolation.

Technique	Temperature	Pressure	Sample	Solvent	Remarks
Maceration	≤boiling point	atmospheric	e.g., flask	any solvent	sample is extracted by soaking in solvent
Refluxing	≤boiling point	atmospheric	round bottomed flask	any solvent	maceration on increased temperature, vaporization of solvent is avoided by condensation
Soxhlet	≤boiling point	atmospheric	Soxhlet cartridge	any solvent	special form of percolation (continuous)
Percolation	room temperature	atmospheric	e.g., column	any solvent	sample placed in column, solvent is added, flow through and is released
Sonication	room temperature	atmospheric	e.g., flask	any solvent	maceration assisted by sonication to increase solubility
SFE (Supercritical Fluid Extraction)	>boiling point	pressurized	reaction vessel	e.g., CO2	temperature and pressure above critical point to control extraction characteristics
PLE (Pressurized Liquid Extraction)	>boiling point	pressurized	reaction vessel	no corrosive/decomposing solvents	pressurization allows temperatures above boiling point, faster extractions
MAE (Microwave Assisted Extraction)	>boiling point	atmospheric	reaction vessel	no decomposing solvents	pressurization or pressure stabile reaction vessels allow temperatures above boiling point, faster extractions heated by radiation
HPPE (High Pressure Propane Extraction)	>boiling point	pressurized	reaction vessel	propane	variation of SFE
Cold Ion Exchange	room temperature	atmospheric	column	any solvent	plant material placed in column solvent is pumped continues in cycle, analyte is adsorbed on specific material
PHWE (Pressurized Hot Water Extraction)	>boiling point	pressurized	column	water (different modifier)	sample is placed in column, hot water (modifier) is pumped through column