Table 1.

Comparison of monocyte surface expression density (mean fluorescence intensity) in pre-dialysis samples compared to healthy control persons. Studies that reported % positive cells only without giving expression density are marked with an §. One study measured transcriptional activity for the given protein instead of surface expression by flow cytometry, this study is marked with an #. ↓, down-regulation, ↑, up-regulation, →, unchanged.

Surface Marker	Function	Comparison to Healthy Control	Quote	Year of Publication
CD11b	Integrin, adhesion molecule	↓ →	[9] [10,11]	2000 2000, 2010
CD14	Endotoxin receptor	↑ ↓	[12] [13] # [10]	2002 2015 2010
CD16	Immunoglobulin Fc receptor γIII	→	[13]	2015
CD31	PECAM-1 endothelial adhesion	→	[14]	2001
CD36	“scavenger” receptor of oxidized lipoproteins	↑	[15,16]	2005
CD40	Receptor for co-stimulating signals of B-cells, promotes cytokine production in macrophages	↑	[17]	2016
CD68	Gp110, function?	↑	[16]	2005
CD86	B7-2, co-stimulation of T-cells	↓	[18]	2001
CD95	Fas, apoptosis induction	↑	[16]	2005
HLA-DR	Class II tissue antigen, antigen presentation	→ ↑	[18] [10,19]	2001 2008, 2010
MAC-1	CD11b/CD18 dimer, adhesion, complement receptor	↑	[14]	2001
TLR-2	Toll-like receptor, recognition of bacteria etc.	→ ↑	[20] [21,22]	2007 2010, 2011
TLR-4	Toll-like receptor, LPS-receptor	↓ → ↑	[20] [22] [21]	2007 2011 2010
TNF-R2	Receptor for TNF-α	↑	[4,23]	2001, 2005
CX3CR1	Fractalkine receptor, adhesion molecule	↑	[13] #	2015
CCR2	C-C chemokine receptor 2	↑	[24] §	2009
ACE	Angiotensin converting enzyme	↑	[25]	2006
AChR	Receptor for Acetylcholine	↑	[26]	2016