Table 1.
Most important pathways and effects of natural anti-UF compounds.
| Compound | Molecular Target |
|---|---|
| Vitamin D | MMPs inhibition Catechol-O-methyltransferase suppression TGF-β induced ECM production inhibition Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition Steroid receptor expression decrease Anti-inflammatory effect Apoptosis induction/proliferation inhibition |
| EGCG | MMPs inhibition Catechol-O-methyltransferase suppression Anti-inflammatory effect Apoptosis induction/proliferation inhibition BMP2 expression upregulation |
| Berberine | Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition Anti-inflammatory effect PTTG1 inhibition Apoptosis induction |
| Curcumin | PPARγ activation TGF-β induced ECM production inhibition Apoptosis induction Anti-inflammatory effect |
| Resveratrol | MMPs inhibition ECM production inhibition Apoptosis induction |
| Fucoidan | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition inhibition ECM production inhibition Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition |
| Indolo-3-carbinol | ECM production inhibition Anti-inflammatory effect Apoptosis induction |
| Isoliquiritigenin | MMPs inhibition ECM production inhibition Anti-inflammatory effect Apoptosis induction |
| Quercetin | Effect on steroid receptors TGF-β induced ECM production inhibition Anti-inflammatory effect |
| Sulforaphane | Effect on TGF-β pathway Anti-inflammatory effect |
| Anthocyanins | ECM production inhibition Anti-inflammatory effect |
| Omega-3 fatty acids | Anti-inflammatory effect Lipid profile modulation |
| Methyl jasmonate | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibition ECM production inhibition Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition Apoptosis induction |
| Lycopene | Immunomodulation Apoptosis induction |
| Collagenase C. histolyticum | ECM degradation |
Bone morphogenetic protein 2–BMP2; extracellular matrix–ECM; metalloproteinases–MMPs; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ–PPARγ; pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 protein–PTTG1; transforming growth factor beta–TGF-β; wingless-type signaling pathway–Wnt.