Table 1. Worldwide HPV prevalence in breast tumour and adjacent normal breast tissue.
| Country | Breast tumour | Adjacent normal breast | Tissue preservation type | Methods of detection | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benign | Malignant | ||||||||||
| HPV (%) | HPV (%) | HPV16 (%) | HPV18 (%) | HPV33 (%) | Other HPV (%) | HPV (%) | |||||
| China [Yu et al. 1999] (11) | 1/20, 5.0 | 18/52, 34.6 | 1/52, 1.9 | 0/52, 0.0 | – | – | – | PET | PCR/Southern | ||
| China [Yu et al. 2000] (12) | 4/72, 5.0 | 14/32, 43.8 | – | – | 14/32, 43.8 | – | – | PET | PCR/Southern | ||
| USA [de Villiers et al. 2004] (8) | 25/29, 86.2 | 3/29, 10.3 | 0/29. 0.0 | 0/29,0.0 | 12/25, 48.0 | – | PET | PCR/In-situ | |||
| Brazil [Damin et al. 2004] (13) | 0/41, 0.0 | 25/101, 24.7 | 14/101, 13.8 | 10/101, 9.9 | – | – | – | PET | PCR/Seq | ||
| Turkey [Gumus et al. 2006] (14) | 37/50, 74.0 | – | 20/50, 40.0 | 35/50, 70.0 | – | 16/50, 32.0 | CPT | PCR | |||
| Greece [Kroupis et al. 2006] (15) | 17/107, 15.9 | 14/17, 67.0 | – | – | 7/17, 41.1 | – | CPT | PCR | |||
| Korea [Choi et al. 2007] (16) | 8/123, 6.5 | – | – | – | – | 0/31, 0.0 | PET | PCR/Chip | |||
| China [Tsai et al. 2005] (17) | 8/62, 12.9 | – | – | – | – | 8\62 12.9 | CPT | PCR/Southern | |||
| Japan [Khan et al. 2008] (18) | 26/124, 20.9 | 24/26, 92.3 | 3/124, 2.4 | 1/124, 0.8 | – | 0/11. 0.0 | PET | PCR | |||
| Mexico [de León DC et al. 2009] (19) | 15/51, 29.4 | 10/51, 19.6 | 3/51, 5.8 | – | – | 0/43. 0.0 | PET | PCR | |||
| Australia [Heng et al. 2009] (20) | 1/26, 3.8 | – | – | – | – | – | PET | PCR/In-situ | |||
| China [He et al. 2009] (21) | 24/40, 60.0 | – | – | – | – | 1/20. 5.0 | CPT | PCR | |||
| Mexico [Mendizabal-Ruiz et al. 2009] (22) | 3/67, 4.4 | – | – | – | – | 0/40, 0.0 | PET | PCR | |||
| Mexico [Herrera-Goepfert et al. 2011] (23) | 6/60, 10.0 | 6/60, 10.0 | – | – | – | 7/60, 11.6 | PET | PCR | |||
| China [Mou et al. 2011] (24) | 4/62, 6.4 | 3/62, 4.8 | 1/62, 1.6 | – | – | 0/46, 0.0 | CPT | PCR | |||
| Italy [Frega et al. 2012] (25) | 9/31, 29.0 | – | – | – | – | 0/12 | PET | INNO-Lipa HPV | |||
| Australia [Glenn et al. 2012] (26) | 25/50, 50.0 | 25/50, 50.0 | – | – | – | 8/40, 20.0 | CPT | PCR | |||
| Iran [Sigaroodi et al. 2012] (27) | 15/58, 25.8 | 4/79, 5.0 | 4/79, 5.0 | – | – | 1/41, 2.4 | PET | PCR/Seq | |||
| China [Liang et al. 2013] (28) | 48/224, 21.4 | – | – | – | – | 6/37, 16.2 | Lump | HC2 | |||
| China [Wang et al. 2014] (29) | 2/2, 100.0 | 7/7,100.0 | – | – | – | – | – | CPT | HC/seq | ||
| Iraq [Ali et al. 2014] (30) | 60/129, 46.5 | 33/129, 25.5 | 35/129, 27.1 | 16/129, 12.4 | – | 3/44, 6.8 | PET | In-situ | |||
| Iran [Ahangar-Oskouee et al. 2014] (31) | 22/65, 33.8 | 1/65, 1.5 | – | – | – | 0/65, 0.0 | PET | PCR/Seq | |||
| Iran [Manzouri et al. 2014] (32) | 10/55, 18.1 | 2/55, 3.6 | 1/55, 1.8 | 1/55, 1.8 | – | 7/51, 13.7 | PET | PCR | |||
| China [Peng et al. 2014] (33) | 2/100, 2.0 | 2/100, 2.0 | – | – | – | 0/50, 0.0 | CPT | MS-PCR | |||
| China [Fu et al. 2015] (34) | 25/169, 14.7 | – | – | – | – | 1/83, 1.2 | PET | PCR | |||
| China [Li et al. 2015] (7) | 3/187, 1.6 | – | – | – | – | 0/92, 0.0 | PET | PCR/Seq | |||
| Australia [Lawson et al. 2015] (35) | 29/40, 72.5 | 29/40, 72.5 | 4/40, 10.0 | 22/40, 55.0 | 8/40, 20.0 | – | 6/20, 30.0 | PET | PCR/Seq | ||
| Australia [Ngan et al. 2015] (36) | 23/31, 74.1 | 24/31, 77.4 | 3/31, 9.6 | 21/31, 67.7 | 4/31, 12.9 | – | – | PET | PCR/Seq | ||
| UK [Salman et al. 2017] (37) | 6/36, 16.6 | 35/74, 47.2 | 7/35, 20.0 | 8/35, 22.8 | 3/35, 8.5 | 25/35, 71.4 | – | CPT | PCR/Seq | ||
| India [Islam et al. 2017] (38) | 5/7, 71 | 203/213, 64.8 | 120/174, 69 | 61/174, 35.0 | 5/174, 2.9 | – | 2/21, 9.5 | CPT | PCR/Southern | ||
| Spain [Delgado-García et al. 2017] (39) | 130/251, 51.8 | – | – | – | – | 49/186. 26.3 | PET | PCR | |||
| Iran [Khodabandehlou et al. 2019] (40) | 35/72, 48.6 | – – | – | – | – | 5/36, 16.1 | CPT | PCR | |||
| UK [Wrede et al. 1992] (41) | – | 0/80, 0.0 | 0/80, 0.0 | 0/80, 0.0 | 0/80, 0.0 | – | – | PET | PCR | ||
| USA [Bratthauer et al. 1992] (42) | – | 0/13, 0.0 | 0/13, 0.0 | 0/13, 0.0 | 0/13, 0.0 | 0/13, 0.0 | 0/15, 0.0 | PET | PCR | ||
| India [Gopalkrishna et al. 1996] (43) | – | 0/25, 0.0 | 0/25, 0.0 | 0/25, 0.0 | – | – | 0/5, 0.0 | FNAC | PCR | ||
| Switzerland [Lindel et al. 2007] (44) | – | 0/81, 0.0 | 0/81, 0.0 | 0/81, 0.0 | 0/81, 0.0 | 0/81, 0.0 | – | PET | PCR | ||
| France [de Cremoux et al. 2008] (45) | – | 0/50, 0.0 | 0/50, 0.0 | 0/50, 0.0 | 0/50, 0.0 | 0/50, 0.0 | – | CPT | PCR | ||
| China [Chang et al. 2012] (46) | – | 0/48, 0.0 | – | – | – | – | 3/30, 10.0 | PET | PCR | ||
PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PCR/Seq, polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing; PCR/southern, polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blot; PCR/in-situ, PCR followed by in-situ hybridisation; MS-PCR, mutagenically separated PCR; HC2, hybrid capture 2; PET, paraffin-embedment tissue; CPT, cryo preserve tissue.