Table 1. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 84 enrolled in patients with COVID-19.
| Clinical characteristics | All patients (n=84) | Primary endpoint | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Event (n=23) | Free-of-event (n=61) | P | ||
| Age (years), median (range) | 53 (20.0–91.0) | 67 (31.0–91.0) | 51 (20.0–83.0) | 0.125 |
| Age group, n (%) | ||||
| ≤39 | 23 (27.4) | 2 (8.7) | 21 (34.4) | 0.026 |
| 40–59 | 34 (40.5) | 6 (26.1) | 28 (45.9) | 0.321 |
| ≥60 | 27 (32.1) | 15 (65.2) | 12 (19.7) | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 47 (56.0) | 16 (69.6) | 31 (50.8) | 0.125 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), median (range) | 24.31 (15.24–36.13) | 24.80 (15.24–36.13) | 22.73 (17.80–27.43) | 0.245 |
| Underlying disease, n (%) | ||||
| Any | 31 (37.0) | 14 (60.9) | 17 (27.9) | 0.010 |
| Hypertension | 16 (19.0) | 10 (43.5) | 6 (9.8) | 0.001 |
| COPD | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.3) | – |
| Diabetes | 7 (8.3) | 3 (13.0) | 4 (6.6) | 0.378 |
| Coronary heart disease | 8 (9.5) | 6 (26.1) | 2 (3.3) | 0.004 |
| Cancer§ | 3 (3.6) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (3.3) | 0.793 |
| Chronic renal disease | 5 (6.0) | 1 (4.3) | 4 (6.6) | 0.726 |
| Hepatitis B infection | 3 (3.6) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (3.3) | 0.793 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5 (6.0) | 3 (12.9) | 2 (3.3) | 0.116 |
| Status on admission (severe), n (%)& | 43 (51.2) | 11 (47.8) | 32 (52.5) | 0.808 |
| qSOFA score | ||||
| 0 | 82.1% (69/84) | 56.5% (13/23) | 91.8% (56/61) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 17.9% (15/84) | 43.5% (10/23) | 8.2* (5/61) | <0.001 |
| Time (days)*, median (range) | NA | 2 (1.0–7.0) | NA | NA |
| Outcomes (as of Feb 21), n (%) | ||||
| Still in hospital | 73 (86.9) | 18 (78.3) | 55 (90.1) | 0.320 |
| Discharge from hospital | 8 (9.5) | 2 (8.7) | 6 (9.8) | 0.874 |
| Died | 3 (3.6) | 3 (13.0) | 0 | – |
| Laboratory findings, median (range) | ||||
| White blood cells | 4.70 (1.70–14.90) | 4.60 (2.0–11.4) | 5.4 (1.7–14.9) | 0.274 |
| Neutrophil | 3.05 (0.86–14.15) | 2.80 (0.96–10.07) | 3.44 (0.86–14.15) | 0.203 |
| Lymphocyte | 1.05 (0.21–3.74) | 1.16 (0.33–3.74) | 0.78 (0.21–3.74) | <0.001 |
| NLR | 2.82 (0.67–67.38) | 2.61 (0.67–11.31) | 5.17 (1.28–67.38) | <0.001 |
| RBC | 4.28 (2.29–5.58) | 4.29 (3.46–5.44) | 4.18 (2.99–5.58) | 0.818 |
| Hemoglobin | 128 (75.0–158.0) | 127 (75.0–158.0) | 129 (90.0–156.0) | 0.944 |
| RDW | 12.2 (10.8–17.4) | 12.15 (10.8–17.4) | 12.5 (11.2–16.6) | 0.047 |
| Platelets | 170 (70.0–399.0) | 177 (102.0–370.0) | 156 (70.0–399.0) | 0.019 |
| ESR | 25 (3.0–139.0) | 24 (3.0–80.0) | 29 (6.0–138.0) | 0.144 |
| CRP | 15.2 (0.5–126.0) | 12.90 (0.5–74.60) | 37.69 (1.2–126.0) | 0.009 |
| Interleukin-6 | 16.75 (1.5–200.8) | 13.1 (1.5–187.8) | 27.70 (13.20–200.8) | 0.007 |
| MYO | 24.59 (0.1–763.0) | 21.72 (21.0–763.0) | 59.97 (0.3–290) | 0.006 |
| pH | 7.42 (7.38–7.47) | 7.41 (7.38–7.45) | 7.42 (7.39–7.47) | 0.155 |
| PCO2 | 4.57 (3.39–6.05) | 4.82 (3.74–6.05) | 4.46 (3.39–5.45) | 0.325 |
| PO2 | 12.90 (5.30–28.80) | 10.00 (5.30–18.40) | 16.40 (10.30–28.80) | 0.002 |
According to the presence or absence of the primary endpoint, the patients were categorized into the event group (23 patients) and free-of-event group (61 patients). §, cancers referred to any malignancy. All cases were characterized by stable disease. &, the condition of patients on admission was judged by doctors according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines. Hence, they were divided into severe and non-severe groups. *, time here means from admission to developing severe/critical disease. NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; qSOFA, quick sequential organ failure assessment.