Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study population (n=6,326).
| Characteristics | Overall (n=6,326) | NO-NAFLD (n=4,513) | NAFLD (n=1,813) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 47.81±10.18 | 47.08±10.32 | 49.63±9.58 | <0.001* |
| Female (%) | 3,077 (48.6) | 2,551 (56.5) | 526 (29.0) | <0.001$ |
| WC (cm) | 85.12±9.37 | 82.01±8.18 | 92.9±7.48 | <0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.09±3.21 | 23.03±2.72 | 26.73±2.77 | <0.001* |
| Obesity (%) | 693 (11.0) | 178 (3.9) | 515 (28.4) | <0.001$ |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128±18 | 125±18 | 136±18 | <0.001* |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77±12 | 75±11 | 83±11 | <0.001* |
| ALP (U/L) | 66 [54–79] | 64 [53–78] | 70 [59–82] | <0.001# |
| ALT (U/L) | 18 [13–28] | 16 [12–23] | 27 [19–40] | <0.001# |
| AST (U/L) | 20 [17–24] | 19 [16–23] | 22 [19–28] | <0.001# |
| GGT (U/L) | 21 [14–34] | 18 [12–27] | 33 [23–50] | <0.001# |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 70 [59–81] | 67 [58–80] | 75 [63–85] | <0.001# |
| Glu (mmol/L) | 4.82 (4.51–5.22) | 4.73 (4.46–5.07) | 5.11 (4.69–5.78) | <0.001# |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.65 (4.11–5.25) | 4.58 (4.07–5.16) | 4.84 (4.28–5.46) | <0.001# |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.23 (0.87–1.82) | 1.05 (0.78–1.49) | 1.8 (1.34–2.56) | <0.001# |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.23 (1.02–1.48) | 1.31 (1.10–1.55) | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | <0.001# |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.69 (2.23–3.20) | 2.63 (2.20–3.13) | 2.83 (2.36–3.34) | <0.001# |
| UA (μmol/L) | 313 [256–378] | 292 [242–351] | 368 [312–426] | <0.001# |
| INS (μU/mL) | 8.5 (5.9–12) | 7.4 (5.3–10.2) | 12 (9.1–16) | <0.001# |
| HOMA-IR | 1.86 (1.24–2.71) | 1.57 (1.10–2.22) | 2.82 (2.07–3.95) | <0.001# |
| GGT/HDL-C | 17.65 (10.16–31.83) | 13.60 (8.71–23.08) | 32.00 (20.89–50.99) | <0.001# |
| Diabetes (%) | 631 (10.0) | 245 (5.4) | 386 (21.3) | <0.001$ |
| MS (%) | 1710 (27.0) | 653 (14.5) | 1057 (58.3) | <0.001$ |
| Smoke (%) | 966 (15.3) | 577 (12.8) | 389 (21.5) | <0.001$ |
| Physical exercise (%) | 1,933 (30.6) | 1,397 (31.0) | 536 (29.6) | 0.278$ |
NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumstance; MS, metabolic syndrome; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Cr, creatinine; UA, uric acid; INS, insulin; Glu, glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GGT/HDL-C, GGT/HDL-C ratio. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). The statistical significance of differences between the non-NAFLD group and NAFLD group were analyzed by Student’s t-test (*), the Mann-Whitney U test (#), or the chi-square test ($).