Table S2. Case series.

Study ID	Disease	Item 1	Item 2	Item 3	Item 4	Item 5	Item 6	Item 7	Item 8	Scores††
Wang 2020 (8)	COVID-19	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	6
Wang 2020 (18)	COVID-19	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	4
Jiang 2020 (19)	COVID-19	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	6
Bi 2003 (21)	SARS	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	3
Lu 2003 (36)	SARS	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	3
Fowler 2003 (40)	SARS	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	6
Assiri 2013 (48)	MERS	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	5
Al-Dorzi 2016 (52)	MERS	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	4
Cho 2016 (55)	MERS	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	6

^††, according to the methodology evaluation tool recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. The risk of bias is evaluated according to eight criteria. The results were summarized by scoring method, for the “Yes” items, the score was 1, and for the “no” items, the score was 0. The maximum score is 8; the higher the score, the lower the risk of bias. The numbers 1 to 8 refer to the items of the tool: 1. case series collected in more than one centre, i.e., multi-centre study; 2. is the hypothesis/aim/objective of the study clearly described? 3. are the inclusion and exclusion criteria (case definition) clearly reported? 4. is there a clear definition of the outcomes reported? 5. were data collected prospectively? 6. is there an explicit statement that patients were recruited consecutively? 7. are the main findings of the study clearly described? 8. are outcomes stratified? (e.g., by disease stage, abnormal test results, patient characteristics).