Table 3. Antibiotic agents and bacterial coinfections in studies on COVID-19.
| Study | Study design | Patients | Sample size | Antibiotic agents | Bacterial coinfection | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Types | N (%) | Types | N (%) | |||||
| Wang 2020 (41) | Case series | Children | 31 | – | 6 (19.4) | – | – | |
| Chen 2020 (42) | Case report | Children | 1 | Meropenem, Linezolid | 1 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Cai 2020 (43) | Case report | Children | 10 | – | 5 (50.0) | – | – | |
| Liu 2020 (44) | Case report | Children | 6 | – | 6 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Xu 2020 (45) | Case series | Adults | 62 | Quinolones, Second-generation cephalosporin | 28 (45.2) | – | – | |
| Chen 2020 (46) | Case series | Adults | 99 | Cefoperazone, Quinolones, Carbapenems, Tigecycline, Linezolid | 70 (70.7) | Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1 (1.0) | |
| Chen 2020 (47) | Case series | Adults | 29 | – | – | – | 1 (3.4) | |
| Fang 2020 (48) | Case series | Adults | 79 | Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Cefoperazone sulbactam | 49 (62.0) | – | – | |
| Wang 2020 (49) | Case report | Adults | 4 | – | 4 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Wang 2020 (50) | Case series | Adults | 138 | Moxifloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin | 138 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Guan 2020 (12) | Case series | Adults | 1,099 | – | 637 (58.0) | – | – | |
| Wu 2020 (51) | Case series | Adults and children | 80 | Moxifloxacin | 73 (91.3) | – | – | |
| Liu 2020 (52) | Case series | Adults | 137 | – | 119 (86.9) | – | – | |
| Zhang 2020 (53) | Case report | Adults | 2 | Moxifloxacin | 2 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Huang 2020 (54) | Case series | Adults | 41 | – | 41 (100.0) | – | 4 (10.0) | |
| Gao 2020 (55) | Case series | Adults | 11 | Moxifloxacin, Azithromycin | 3 (27.3) | – | 3 (27.3) | |
| Zhao 2020 (56) | Case report | Adults | 2 | Moxifloxacin, Meropenem, Imipenem | 2 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Shi 2020 (57) | Case series | Adults | 67 | – | 22 (32.8) | – | – | |
| Easom 2020 (58) | Case series | Adults and children | 68 | Doxycycline, Moxifloxacin | 9 (13.2) | Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae |
4 (5.9) | |
| Chen 2020 (59) | Descriptive study | Adults | 274 | Moxifloxacin, Cefoperazone, Azithromycin | 249 (90.9) | – | – | |
| Chu 2020 (60) | Case series | Adults | 54 | – | 31 (57.4) | – | – | |
| Hayato 2020 (61) | Case report | Adults | 1 | Cefepime | 1 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Bai 2020 (62) | Case series | Adults | 58 | Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Meropenem, Cefixime | 29 (50.0) | – | – | |
| Wang 2020 (63) | Case series | Adults | 67 | Moxifloxacin | 66 (98.5) | Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii | 5 (7.5) | |
| Chen 2020 (64) | Case series | Adults | 54 | Moxifloxacin, Cephalosporin, Carbapenems | 54 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Shang 2020 (65) | Case series | Adults | 36 | Moxifloxacin, Azithromycin, Piperacillin sulbactam | – | – | – | |
| Cheng 2020 (66) | Cross-sectional study | Adults | 290 | Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Cefdinir | 267 (92.1) | – | – | |
| Cheng 2020 (67) | Case series | Adults | 54 | Levofloxacin | 54 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Lei 2020 (68) | Case report | Adults | 9 | Cephalosporin, Azithromycin, Meropenem, Imipenem | 9 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Chen 2020 (69) | Case report | Adults and children | 9 | Moxifloxacin | 9 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Wan 2020 (70) | Case series | Adults | 135 | – | 59 (43.7) | – | – | |
| Ding 2020 (71) | Case report | Adults | 5 | – | 5 (100.0) | – | – | |
| Zhou 2020 (72) | Cohort study | Adults | 191 | – | 181 (95.0) | – | 28 (15.0) | |