Effects of EX-527 on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the liver tissue of HFD-fed diabetic rats. Male ZDF rats were fed either control diet or a HFD for 11 weeks. (A) Representative Western blotting analysis of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and p53 in the liver tissue. β-Actin expression was used as the loading control. (B) The intensity of the bands was analyzed densitometrically by ImageJ software. (C) Apoptosis determined by TUNEL staining of the liver tissues of HFD-fed rats. Original magnification: 200×, scale bar: 100 μm. (D) Determined TUNEL-positive score index. The values are mean ± S.D. of six rats per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared with the normal diet group (ND); ##
p < 0.01, and ###
p < 0.001 compared with the HFD group.