Effect of EX-527 on antioxidant components of the liver of HFD-fed diabetic rats. Male ZDF rats were fed either control diet or a HFD for 11 weeks. EX-527 (5 μg/kg, twice a week) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 10 weeks to HFD-fed rats. Changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione (GSH) level, lipid peroxidation (MDA) level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and oxidized GSH (GSSG) were analyzed in the liver tissue of HFD-fed diabetic rats. Effect of EX-527 on the serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in the rats with HFD-fed diabetes. Male ZDF rats were fed either control diet or an HFD for 11 weeks. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were significantly reduced in EX-527-treated HFD-fed rats. The values are mean ± S.D. of duplicate experiments (six rats/group). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test for multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05, and *** p < 0.001 compared with the normal diet group (ND); #
p < 0.05, ##
p < 0.01, and ###
p < 0.001 compared with the HFD group.