Table 3.

Histopathological findings within the livers of patients infected with coronaviruses.

Reference	Post-Mortem Study (Y/N)	Type of Coronavirus	Histopathology Cases (in Words)
[24]	N	SARS-CoV-1	• no acute changes, no necrosis
[13]	N	SARS-CoV-1	• mild lobular activities with occasional acidophilic bodies and prominent Kupffer cell • smildly inflamed portal tracts with lymphocytic infiltration
[26]	Y	SARS-CoV-1	• massive necrosis (1 case) • nodular cirrhosis (1 case)
[28]	Y	SARS-CoV-1	• dissociation of hepatocyte cords, together with fatty degeneration and focal necrosis (1 case) • massive central necrosis of hepatocytes (2 cases) • the vascular walls with edema and infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes
[29]	Y	SARS-CoV-1	• minor inflammatory changes observed in the liver on microscopic examination
[30]	N	SARS-CoV-1	• non-specific inflammation in the liver in biopsy • non-specific hepatitis in postmortem biopsy
[32]	N	SARS-CoV-1	• no specific pathological change in the gastrointestinal tract
[34]	Y	SARS-CoV-1	• hydropic degeneration • fatty degeneration • interstitial cell proliferation
[39]	N	SARS-CoV-1	• hydropic degeneration • steatosis • focal necrosis (n = 4)
[43]	Y	SARS-CoV-1	• mild fatty-acid degeneration • mild congestion • central lobular necrosis
[8]	Y	MERS-CoV	• mild chronic lymphocytic portal inflammation • reactive parenchyma with mild cellular hydropic degeneration • rare multinucleated hepatocytes and mild disarray of the hepatic plates • mild sinusoidal lymphocytosis and small necroinflammatory foci in the hepatic lobules • congestion, hemorrhage and focal perivenular loss of hepatocytes • macrovesicular perivenular steatotic change, sinusoidal congestion, hemorrhage and focal perivenular loss of hepatocytes
[53]	Y	MERS-CoV	• moderate steatosis • scattered calcifications • mild portal tract and lobular lymphocytic inflammation

SARS-CoV-1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; N, no; Y, yes.