Table 1.
PRP-contained growth factors and their functional role in regenerative therapy. BMSCs: bone marrow stem cells, ECM: extracellular matrix, PRP: platelet-rich plasma.
| PRP growth Factors | Regenerative Roles |
|---|---|
| Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) | Angiogenesis, ECM and collagen synthesis |
| Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) | Angiogenesis, immunomodulation, ECM and collagen synthesis |
| Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) | Neurite growth, restoration of smooth muscle cells integrity |
| Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) | Neuroprotection, nerve regeneration, neurotrophic factor for stem cells |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | Angiogenesis, proliferation and migration of endothelial and stem cells |
| Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) | Proliferation, migration, and targeting of mesenchymal stem cells |
| Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) | Promotes cell proliferation |
| Platelet factor-4 (PF-4) | Promotes platelet localized aggregation |
| Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) | Promotes wound healing and secretion of growth factor |
| Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) | Immunomodulation and recovery in muscle and wound injury |
| Stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) | Recruitment of BMSCs and endothelial progenitor cells at the injured site |
| Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP): BMP-3, BMP-4, and BMP-5 | Promotes synthesis of ECM |
| Interleukins (IL): IL-2 and IL-8 | Immunomodulation and recovery in muscle and wound injury |