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. 2020 Apr 29;11(5):485. doi: 10.3390/genes11050485

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Subcellular localization and transcriptional activity assay of VviWRKY40 in Arabidopsis protoplasts. A. Subcellular localization of VviWRKY40 in Arabidopsis protoplast. The graphs from left to right represent VviWRKY40-eGFP, nucleus marker-mcherry, bright field, and the merge images, bar = 5 μm. B. The reporter, effector and normalized control constructs used in the transcriptional activity assay. C. Transcriptional activation domain analysis of VviWRKY40. The transcriptional activation function of VviWRKY40 was tested using the luciferase assay. The control represents empty pBD vector and its fold change is set as 1. VP16, an unusually potent transcriptional activator, is regarded as a positive control, and its activity change reaches 160-fold. The error bars represent SEs from at least six biological replicates. Significant differences relative to the control are determined using the one-way ANOVA tests (**, P < 0.01).