Table 6 |.
Key ongoing or completed clinical trials of biologic agents for the treatment of ovarian cancer
| Example | Target | Comments | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-angiogenics | |||
| Bevacizumab | VEGF | Single-agent activity in both platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive cancer | 173–176, 178,179 |
| Cediranib | VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 | ||
| PARP inhibitors | |||
| Olaparib | PARP | Olaparib has been approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent cancer as a maintenance therapy and by the US FDA for recurrent ovarian cancer in women with germline BRCA mutations and who have received at least three prior lines of chemotherapy | 170,178, 179, 194–199, 229,230,232–236 |
| Rucaparib | PARP | Single-agent activity in BRCA-mutated and wild-type ovarian cancer | |
| Veliparib | |||
| Niraparib | |||
| Immunotherapies | |||
| Nivolumab | Programmed cell death protein 1 | 15% response rate and 50% disease control rate | 237 |
| Pembrolizumab | Programmed cell death protein 1 | 11.5% response rate and 23.1% of patients had stable disease | 238 |
| Avelumab | Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 | 10.7% risk reduction and 54.7% disease control rate; two patients with a clear-cell histology showed evidence of an objective response rate | 239 |
| Ipilimumab | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte 4 | Results pending | 240,241 |
| Antibody-drug conjugate | |||
| IMGN853 | Folate receptor-a | Promising preliminary data | 209 |
| Combination | |||
| Olaparib and cediranib | PARP, and VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 | Two phase III studies are ongoing in both platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer | 178,179 |
| Pembrolizumab and niraparib | Various | Results pending | 206 |
| BKM120 or BYL719 and olaparib | Various | Maximum tolerated dose achieved for BKM120 and olaparib; anticancer activity noted for this combination | 205 |
PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, VEGF receptor.