Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants.
| Women | Men | |
|---|---|---|
| n | 51 | 35 |
| Age (years) | 53.4 ± 16.6 | 58.4 ± 16.3 |
| Body weight (kg) | 99.5 ± 34.4 | 109 ± 44.9 |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 36.5 ± 12 | 34.1 ± 12.3 |
| Body fat (%) | 35 ± 11.7 | 30.7 ± 9.5 |
| Visceral fat area (cm²) | 165.5 ± 119.6 | 172.9 ± 134 |
| Subcutaneous fat area (cm²) | 471 ± 492.5 | 418.5 ± 333.3 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 114 ± 33.1 | 120.3 ± 24 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.9 ± 1.2 | 5.7 ± 0.9 |
| FPI (pmol/L) | 127.5 ± 133.1 | 81.4 ± 89.8 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 5.9 ± 0.62 |
| Clamp GIR (µmol/kg/min) | 79 ± 35 | 75.2 ± 32 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 0.75 | 4.9 ± 1.02 |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.2 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.42 ± 0.36 | 1.9 ± 1.6 |
| Free fatty acids (mmol/L) | 0.44 ± 0.38 | 0.47 ± 0.4 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 12.3 ± 14.8 | 11.5 ± 14.1 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 4.2 ± 4.1 | 3.3 ± 4.4 |
| ALAT (µkat/L) | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 0.67 ± 0.7 |
| ASAT (µkat/L) | 0.7 ± 0.85 | 0.63 ± 0.5 |
| GGT (µkat/L) | 1.9 ± 3.5 | 1.5 ± 2.5 |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 9.1 ± 6.6 | 5 ± 3** |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 40 ± 20 | 18.5 ± 11.5** |
| Mean subcutaneous adipocyte diameter (µm) | 110.6 ± 11.6 | 107.6 ± 9.3 |
| Mean visceral adipocyte diameter (µm) | 100 ± 7.4 | 97.6 ± 5.7 |
Data are means ± SD. ** p < 0.01 for gender differences. Abbreviations: ALAT—Alanine-Aminotransferase; ASAT—Aspartate-Aminotransferase; BMI—body mass index; FPG—fasting plasma glucose; FPI—fasting plasma insulin; GGT—gamma- glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c—glycated haemoglobin; HDL—high density lipoproteins; hsCRP—high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6—Interleukin 6; LDL—low density lipoproteins.