Table 2.
Indications for TLE and preoperative data on cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED).
| Parameter | All Group | With TEE Monitoring | Without TEE Monitoring | Mann–Whitney “U” Test/chi2 Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 3185 | 1079 | 2106 | |
| Indications for TLE | ||||
| LRIE certain or probable with or without pocket infection; n (%) | 749 (23.516) N = 3185 |
167 (15.477) N = 1079 |
582 (27.635) N = 2106 |
p <0.001 |
| Local (pocket) infection (only); n (%) | 324 (10.173) N = 3185 |
71 (6.580) N = 1079 |
253 (12.013) N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Non-infectious indications, all; n (%) | 2112 (66.311) N = 3185 |
841 (77.943) N = 1079 |
1271 (60.351) N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| * Mechanical lead damage (electric failure) n (%) | 816 (38.636) N = 2112 |
337 (40.071) N = 841 |
479 (37.687) N = 1271 |
p = 0.291 |
| * Lead dysfunction (exit/entry block, dislodgement, extracardiac pacing) n (%) | 387 (18.324) N = 2112 |
159 (18.906) N = 841 |
228 (17.939) N = 1271 |
p = 0.614 |
| * Lead dysfunction caused by (usually dry)—perforation n (%) | 350 (16.572) N = 2112 |
143 (17.004) N = 841 |
207 (16.286) N = 1271 |
p = 0.708 |
| * Change of pacing mode/upgrading, downgrading n (%) | 168 (7.955) N = 2112 |
66 (7.848) N = 841 |
102 (8.025) N = 1271 |
p = 0.948 |
| * Abandoned lead/prevention of abandonment (AF, overmuch of leads) n (%) | 99 (4.688) N = 2112 |
28 (3.329) N = 841 |
71 (5.586) N = 1271 |
p < 0.05 |
| * Threatened/potentially threatened lead (loops, free ending, left heart, LDTD) n (%) | 89 (4.214) |
36 (4.281) N = 841 |
53 (4.170) N = 1271 |
p = 0.989 |
| * Other (MRI indication, cancer, pain of pocket, loss of indication for pacing / ICD) n (%) | 72 (3.409) N = 2112 |
31 (3.686) N = 841 |
41 (3.226) N = 1271 |
p = 0.654 |
| * Recapture venous access (symptomatic. occlusion, SVC syndrome, lead replacement/upgrading) n (%) | 131 (6.203) N = 2112 |
41 (4.875) N = 841 |
90 (7.081) N = 1271 |
p < 0.05 |
| Preoperative data on CIED | ||||
| Dwell time of oldest lead in patients before TLE (months); x ± SD | 98.212 ± 72.773 N = 3185 |
112.665 ± 75.955 N = 1079 |
90.807 ± 69.959 N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Mean implant duration before TLE (months); x ± SD | 90.050 ± 63.656 N = 3185 |
105.235 ± 67.991 N = 1079 |
82.271 ± 59.858 N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| CIED with ICD or CS lead; n (%) | 1011 (31.743) N = 3185 |
379 (35.125) N = 1079 |
632 (30.009) N = 2106 |
p < 0.01 |
| Number of abandoned leads before TLE; x ± SD | 0.119 ± 0.323 N = 3185 |
0.087 ± 0.282 N = 1079 |
0.135 ± 0.342 N = 2106 |
p < 0.05 |
| Presence of abandoned lead(s) before TLE; n (%) | 379 (11.900) N = 3185 |
95 (8.804) N = 1079 |
284 (13.485) N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Abandoned leads only (EPM. EHV); n (%) | 32 (1.004) N = 3185 |
4 (0.371) N = 1079 |
28 (1.330) N = 2106 |
p < 0.05 |
| Number of leads in the system before TLE; x ± SD | 1.817 ± 0.634 N = 3161 |
1.829 ± 0.622 N = 1076 |
1.812 ± 0.640 N = 2085 |
p = 0.400 |
| Number of leads in the heart before TLE; x ± SD | 1.962 ± 0.758 N = 3185 |
1.930 ± 0.715 N = 1079 |
1.978 ± 0.779 N = 2106 |
p = 0.324 |
* Main non-infectious indication. Abbreviations: atrial fibrillation (AF), cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED), coronary sinus (CS), defibrillator lead without previously removed unit (EHV), pacemaker lead without previously removed unit (EPM), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), lead-related infective endocarditis (LRIE), lead-dependent tricuspid dysfunction (LDTD), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).