Table 3.
Data on TLE procedure.
| Parameter | All Group | With TEE Monitoring | Without TEE Monitoring | Mann–Whitney “U” Test/chi2 Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 3185 | 1079 | 2106 | |
| Number of extracted leads | 5258 | 1760 | 3498 | |
| Oldest extracted lead (years); x ± SD | 8.021 ± 5.962 N = 3185 |
9.290 ± 6.307 N = 1079 |
7.372 ± 5.670 N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Sum of dwell times of extracted leads (years); x ± SD | 13.091 ± 12.202 N = 3185 |
15.466 ± 13.960 N = 1079 |
11.876 ± 11.004 N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Number of extracted leads in one patient; x ± SD | 1.651 ± 0.747 N = 3185 |
1.631 ± 0.719 N = 1079 |
1.661 ± 0.761 N = 2106 |
p = 0.477 |
| HV therapy (ICD) lead was extracted; n (%) | 874 (27.441) N = 3185 |
341 (31.603) N = 1079 |
533 (25.309) N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| CS (LV pacing) lead was extracted; n (%) | 417 (13.093) N = 3185 |
122 (11.307) N = 1079 |
295 (14.008) N = 2106 |
p < 0.05 |
| Extraction of abandoned lead(s) (any); n (%) | 422 (13.250) N = 3185 |
95 (8.804) N = 1079 |
327 (15.527) N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Lead fracture during extraction; n (%) | 137 (4.301) N = 3185 |
51 (4.727) N = 1079 |
86 (4.084) N = 2106 |
p = 0.451 |
| Loss of free lead fragment; n (%) | 15 (0.471) N = 3185 |
7 (0.648) N = 1079 |
8 (0.380) N = 2106 |
p = 0.438 |
| Technical difficulty during TLE (any); n (%) | 592 (18.587) N = 3185 |
257 (23.818) N = 1079 |
335 (15.907) N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Two or more technical difficulties; n (%) | 127 (3.987) N = 3185 |
75 (6.951) N = 1079 |
52 (2.469) N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Necessity to change venous approach; n (%) | 135 (4.240) N = 3184 |
18 (1.668) N = 1079 |
117 (5.558) N = 2105 |
p < 0.001 |
| Use of other than extracted lead venous approach; n (%) | 173 (5.432) N = 3185 |
28 (2.595) N = 1079 |
145 (6.885) N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Necessity to use other than Byrd dilator tools (Evo, TightR, lassos, basket catheters); n (%) | 183 (5.746) N = 3185 |
75 (6.951) N = 1079 |
108 (5.128) N = 2106 |
p < 0.05 |
| Procedure duration (skin-to-skin); minutes x ± SD | 59.952 ± 25.717 N = 3185 |
62.747 ± 27.138 N = 1079 |
58.520 ± 24.842 N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Procedure duration (sheath-to-sheath time); minutes x ± SD |
15.125 ± 23.274 N = 3185 |
15.374 ± 24.396 N = 1079 |
14.997 ± 22.682 N = 2106 |
p < 0.001 |
| Procedure duration average single lead extraction time; minutes x ± SD | 8.965 ± 12.418 N = 3182 |
9.111 ± 14.260 N = 1079 |
8.891 ± 11.363 N = 2103 |
p < 0.01 |
| Partial radiological success (retained tip or < 4 cm lead fragment); n (%) | 136 (4.270) N = 3185 |
34 (3.151) N = 1079 |
102 (4.843) N = 2106 |
p < 0.05 |
| Complete clinical success; n (%) | 3116 (97.834) N = 3185 |
1056 (97.868) N = 1079 |
2060 (97.816) N = 2106 |
p = 0.975 |
| Complete procedural success; n (%) | 3064 (96.201) N = 3185 |
1054 (97.683) N = 1079 |
2010 (95.442) N = 2106 |
p < 0.01 |
| Procedure-related death (intra-, post-procedural); n (%) | 6 (0.188) N = 3185 |
0 (0.000) N = 1079 |
6 (0.285) N = 2106 |
p = 0.186 |
| Died within 6 months; n (%) | 166 5.212 N = 3185 |
48 (4.449) N = 1079 |
118 (5.603) N = 2106 |
p = 0.193 |
| Died within one year; n (%) | 263 (8.257) N = 3185 |
83 (7.692) N = 1079 |
180 (8.547) N = 2106 |
p = 0.446 |
Abbreviations: coronary sinus (CV), left ventricle (LV), high voltage (HV), transvenous lead extraction (TLE). Mortality at 6 and 12 months after TLE was similar in both groups (Figure 1).