| WHO | World Health Organization |
| DMV | Double-membrane vesicles |
| PDB | Protein Data Bank |
| SARS | Severe acute respiratory syndrome |
| MERS | Middle East respiratory syndrome |
| EBOV | Ebola virus |
| NIV | Nipah virus |
| RSV | Respiratory syncytial virus |
| EAV | Equine arteritis virus |
| RNP | Ribonucleocapsid |
| Nsp | Non-structural protein |
| RdRP | RNA dependent RNA polymerase |
| NiRAN | Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyltransferase |
| NTP | Nucleoside triphosphate |
| PAMP | Pathogen-associated molecular pattern |
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