Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and in-hospital complications in the three study groups.
| Variable | Group 1 (n = 1887) | Group 2 (n = 492) | Group 3 (n = 66) | p Value (for Trend) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65 ± 12 | 73 ± 11 | 75 ± 9 | <0.0001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 1450 (77%) | 319 (65%) | 37 (56%) | <0.0001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 76 ± 14 | 76 ± 16 | 73 ± 12 | 0.69 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 354 (19%) | 162 (33%) | 32 (48%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1148 (61%) | 387 (79%) | 57 (87%) | <0.0001 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 1068 (57%) | 198 (40%) | 23 (36%) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 917 (49%) | 268 (54%) | 43 (65%) | 0.0009 |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 431 (23%) | 185 (38%) | 32 (48%) | <0.0001 |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 188 (10%) | 90 (18%) | 16 (24%) | <0.0001 |
| Prior PCI, n (%) | 433 (23%) | 188 (38%) | 25 (38%) | <0.0001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 51 ± 11 | 48 ± 13 | 43 ± 14 | <0.0001 |
| STEMI, n (%) | 915 (48%) | 211 (43%) | 22 (33%) | 0.002 |
| CA/PCI during hospitalization, n (%) | 1796 (95%) | 439 (89%) | 55 (83%) | <0.0001 |
| Laboratory values at hospital admission | ||||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.88 ± 0.18 | 1.39 ± 0.31 | 3.01 ± 1.370 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 88 ± 21 | 48 ± 8 | 21 ± 5 | <0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.0 ± 1.7 | 13.1 ± 1.9 | 11.3 ± 1.9 | <0.0001 |
| Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 143 ± 56 | 167 ± 70 | 193 ± 92 | <0.0001 |
| hs-TnI (ng/L) | 430 (76–2460) | 440 (80–2700) | 1087 (80–5024) | 0.12 |
| Medication before hospital admission | ||||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 638 (34%) | 242 (49%) | 42 (64%) | <0.0001 |
| Statins, n (%) | 587 (31%) | 223 (46%) | 36 (55%) | <0.0001 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 604 (32%) | 229 (47%) | 43 (65%) | <0.0001 |
| ACE/AR blockers, n (%) | 683 (36%) | 271 (55%) | 26 (39%) | <0.0001 |
| In-hospital complications | ||||
| In-hospital death, n (%) | 14 (0.7%) | 18 (4%) | 7 (11%) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiogenic shock, n (%) | 66 (3%) | 44 (9%) | 11 (17) | <0.0001 |
| Acute pulmonary edema, n (%) | 118 (6%) | 84 (17%) | 24 (36%) | <0.0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 37 (2%) | 38 (8%) | 8 (12%) | <0.0001 |
| VT/VF, n (%) | 128 (7%) | 46 (9%) | 5 (8%) | 0.11 |
| High-degree AV block, n (%) | 50 (3%) | 34 (7%) | 3 (5%) | 0.001 |
| Major bleeding, n (%) | 41 (2%) | 26 (5%) | 9 (14%) | <0.0001 |
| hs-TnI peak value (ng/L) | 37,001 ± 749,442 | 49,503 ± 108,275 | 71,774 ± 240,209 | 0.65 |