Figure 1.

CD56^bright NK cell expansion after DMT in multiple sclerosis (MS). Panel A: Before treatment, antigen-presenting cells (APC) secrete cytokines that activate T-cells and CD56^bright NK cells. T-cells outnumber CD56^bright NK cells and are resistant to killing by CD56^bright NK cells through various mechanisms. Panel B: DMTs decrease T-cell numbers, leading to the increased availability of cytokines secreted by APC (such as IL-18 and IL-12) and by T-cells themselves (IL-2) to CD56^bright NK cells. Some treatments may restore the killing of T-cells by CD56^bright NK cells. Some treatments might also induce higher secretion of cytokines by APC.