Table 4.
Spearman’s correlation between phenolic acids, main fungal Genera incidence and mycotoxin contamination. Correlation analysis was performed on 72 replicates (4 rice varieties × 3 sampling times × 3 replicates × 2 years). *: p ≤ 0.05; **: p ≤ 0.01.
| Phenolic Acid | Fusarium spp. Incidence | Aspergillus spp. Incidence | Penicillium spp. Incidence | Total Fungi Incidence | STC | DON |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorogenic acid | −0.331 * | −0.285 * | −0.243 | −0.141 | −0.281 | −0.576 ** |
| Syringic acid | −0.156 | 0.171 | 0.003 | −0.151 | −0.230 | −0.055 |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | −0.348 ** | −0.019 | −0.054 | −0.581 ** | −0.314 * | −0.059 |
| p-Coumaric acid | −0.497 ** | −0.269 * | −0.140 | −0.532 ** | −0.427 ** | −0.466 ** |
| Ferulic acid | 0.203 | 0.116 | 0.145 | 0.039 | 0.101 | 0.206 |
| Protocatecuic acid | 0.237 | −0.026 | 0.355 ** | 0.156 | −0.255 | −0.021 |
| Gallic acid | −0.068 | −0.148 | 0.043 | 0.138 | −0.102 | −0.183 |