Figure 2.

Inoculation of the honey bee brood with RG-DWV. (a) RT-qPCR analysis of DWV level in honey bee pupae (injected at white-eyed stage) 24 h and 48 h post-injection with different amounts of DWV variants, “Mock”—uninoculated pupae; (b). RT-qPCR analysis of honey bee pupae, injected with 10² GE of VVD at different stages of pupal development: white-eyed (“we”), pink-eyed (“pe”), red-eyed (“re”), blue-eyed (“be”), and at the start of full melanisation (“mn”). Pupae were sacrificed 24 h post-inoculation; (c) RT-qPCR analysis of DWV accumulation levels in honey bee larvae 48 h after feeding with DWV variants at different concentrations. Each value corresponds to an individual pupa or larva analysed, and error bars show mean ±SD.