Table 1.

Estimates for HIV-1 infection dynamics obtained from the analysis of experimental infection in cell lines or primary cells and in vivo patient data. Obtained estimates vary over several orders of magnitude due to different mathematical models and data types used. Please note that viral production rates vary in terms of units due to different quantification methods used. Numbers marked with (*) indicate estimates obtained for Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection.

Parameter	Description	Unit	Cell Lines	Primary Cells [47]			In Vivo
				2D Suspension	3D Collagen
					Loose	Dense
ρ	Viral production rate	×104 day−1	2.61 (1.55, 3.70) (RNA copies) [60]	1.02 (0.80, 1.38) (RT cell−1)	0.48 (0.37, 0.66) (RT cell−1)	0.43 (0.32, 0.61) (RT cell−1)	5.0 * (1.3, 12.0) (virion cell−1) [61]
							0.07–0.34 [56,62]
ρI	Total viral production rate	×1010 virions day−1					1.03 ± 1.17 [52,53]
δI	Death rate of infected cells	day−1	0.50 ± 0.10 [55]	0.42 (0.40, 0.44)	0.48 (0.46, 0.50)	0.52 (0.51, 0.56)	0.48–1.36 ± 0.16 [53,63]
							0.7 ± 0.25 [51]
							1.0 ± 0.3 [54]
							0.88 * ± 0.40 [61]
βf	Cell-free infection rate	×10−5 day−1	0.42 ± 0.14 [55] (p24)	2.3 (0, 3.0) (RT)	0.14 × suspension	0.14 × suspension
βc	Cell–cell infection rate	×10−5 (cell × day)−1	0.11 ± 0.03 [55]	10−6 (0, 7.0)	4.3 (3.6, 5.4)	1.7 (1.4, 2.6)
Pf	Predicted percentage of infections by cell-free transmission	%	57% ± 7% [55]	99.6% (0.0%, 100%)	22.0% (0.0%, 27.0%)	37% (0.0%, 44.2%)