Table 3.

Prevalence of chronic medications dispensed in the study population by age group (dead at the age of 80–89, 90–99, or ≥100 years) and sex (M, men; W, women).

	Octogenarians			Nonagenarians			Centenarians
Chronic Medication a	M	W	p	M	W	p	M	W	p	p men	p women
Drugs for peptic ulcer and GORD b	63.5	66.8	<0.001	61.5	62.5	0.196	50.5	50.2	1.000	<0.001	<0.001
Antithrombotic agents	57.8	50.9	<0.001	56.6	49.2	<0.001	41.7	39.1	0.519	<0.001	<0.001
High-ceiling diuretics	35.1	38.3	<0.001	39.0	41.3	0.004	27.5	34.5	0.062	<0.001	<0.001
Other analgesics and antipyretics	32.2	41.7	<0.001	32.3	41.5	<0.001	32.6	36.8	0.276	0.984	0.024
Antidepressants	20.8	35.2	<0.001	21.4	28.5	<0.001	12.4	15.5	0.290	0.005	<0.001
Anxiolytics	17.9	30.4	<0.001	18.8	28.5	<0.001	14.2	24.9	0.001	0.109	<0.001
Lipid modifying agents, plain	29.1	26.2	<0.001	14.6	12.7	0.001	6.0	3.6	0.158	<0.001	<0.001
ACE c inhibitors, plain	17.8	16.8	0.043	17.0	17.4	0.588	7.3	16.7	0.001	<0.001	0.507
Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins	19.5	19.0	0.278	12.9	12.6	0.639	4.6	6.4	0.411	<0.001	<0.001
Antipsychotics	13.9	16.9	<0.001	15.9	18.9	<0.001	12.8	14.9	0.503	0.001	<0.001
Iron preparations	14.2	15.2	0.020	16.1	15.3	0.203	13.3	11.0	0.412	0.004	0.004
Beta blocking agents	16.4	17.4	0.030	11.7	11.6	0.798	5.1	5.8	0.812	<0.001	<0.001
Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy	31.1	0.0	0.000	32.4	0.0	<0.001	28.0	0.0	<0.001	0.117	0.028
Hypnotics and sedatives	10.9	15.2	<0.001	12.8	16.8	<0.001	10.6	15.3	0.095	0.001	0.006
Non-steroid anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products	14.4	17.2	<0.001	10.4	11.7	0.014	8.7	6.4	0.285	<0.001	<0.001
ARBs d, plain	14.0	16.1	<0.001	10.9	13.2	<0.001	6.0	7.5	0.537	<0.001	<0.001
Adrenergics, inhalants	18.3	9.0	<0.001	14.3	7.4	<0.001	6.9	3.4	0.038	<0.001	<0.001
Selective Ca channel blockers with vascular effect	12.3	12.2	0.853	11.6	11.5	0.830	12.4	9.8	0.321	0.363	0.036
Opioids	9.8	15.7	<0.001	7.7	11.7	<0.001	2.8	6.6	0.045	<0.001	<0.001
ARBs, combinations	11.3	14.6	<0.001	7.9	11.1	<0.001	5.1	6.9	0.418	<0.001	<0.001
Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics	11.2	10.5	0.088	12.8	10.3	<0.001	7.8	7.3	0.935	0.001	0.015
Vasodilators for cardiac diseases	12.3	8.6	<0.001	13.3	10.4	<0.001	7.8	10.4	0.308	0.020	<0.001
Anti-dementia drugs	10.2	14.3	<0.001	6.7	8.4	<0.001	2.3	2.1	0.794	<0.001	<0.001
Other drugs for OAD e, inhalants	16.2	6.6	<0.001	12.3	5.8	<0.001	6.4	4.3	0.254	<0.001	0.002
Capillary stabilizing agents	5.2	12.7	<0.001	5.7	11.4	<0.001	4.4	11.1	0.050	0.503	0.067
Topical products for joint and muscular pain	7.3	11.0	<0.001	7.7	9.0	0.039	6.2	9.1	0.425	0.655	0.001
Drugs for constipation	7.6	8.6	0.002	9.5	9.7	0.629	10.1	9.1	0.737	<0.001	0.016
Antiepileptics	8.5	10.4	<0.001	6.0	6.6	0.133	1.8	2.8	0.570	<0.001	<0.001
Cardiac glycosides	7.1	8.7	<0.001	8.1	9.1	0.031	7.8	6.4	0.548	0.059	0.028
Expectorants, excl. cough suppressants	10.4	6.1	<0.001	10.2	6.5	<0.001	10.6	7.2	0.140	0.956	0.281
Potassium-sparing agents	8.9	8.7	0.594	6.5	6.6	0.819	6.0	3.7	0.188	<0.001	<0.001
Psychostimulants, ADHD f agents, nootropics	7.1	7.2	0.816	7.7	8.0	0.483	9.6	6.5	0.146	0.131	0.023
Antigout preparations	11.7	5.2	<0.001	9.4	3.7	<0.001	5.1	1.8	0.014	<0.001	<0.001
Vitamin B12 and folic acid	7.1	7.7	0.093	7.7	6.9	0.046	5.1	5.5	0.921	0.158	0.009
Calcium	3.9	11.7	<0.001	2.3	7.4	<0.001	0.5	3.2	0.045	<0.001	<0.001
Insulins and analogues	7.4	9.4	<0.001	3.9	4.8	0.006	1.4	1.7	1.000	<0.001	<0.001
Selective calcium channel blockers with cardiac effects	7.1	7.0	0.826	5.6	6.2	0.135	2.8	2.7	1.000	<0.001	<0.001

^a According to their Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system code at the third level and listed in descending order of total prevalence (only those with prevalence equal to or greater than 5% are represented). ^b Gastro-esophageal reflux disease. ^c Angiotensin-converting enzyme. ^d Angiotensin II receptor blockers. ^e Obstructive airway diseases. ^f Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. p_men and p_women represent the p values of the comparisons among men of different ages and women of different ages. Significant p values are highlighted in bold.