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. 2020 May 12;9(5):1434. doi: 10.3390/jcm9051434

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effect of BGP-15 (left panel) and propranolol (PROP) (right panel) on the human right atrial samples subjected to a previous isoproterenol (ISO) stimulation (Indirect group), dichotomized according to the response to ISO (weak or strong) based on a previously generated ISO concentration-response (E/c) curve. The axis x denotes the common logarithm of the molar concentration of the chemical, and the axis y indicates the effect as a percentage decrease of the initial contractile force. The symbols represent the effect averaged within the (sub)groups (±SEM). Asterisks show the significance level of differences between responses of the two subgroups of the Indirect group (*: p < 0.05). SEM: standard error of the mean; BGP-15: O-(3-piperidino-2-hydroxy-1-propyl) nicotinic acid amidoxime hydrochloride.