Table 1.

General characteristics of the fructose-induced WKY rats

Parameter/group	Control	Fructose 2 weeks	Fructose 4 weeks
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	109.8 ± 1.8	125.1 ± 2.2***	144.5 ± 1.1***
Fasting serum glucose, mg/dL	85.3 ± 1.8	134.2 ± 4.9***	147.0 ± 4.0***
Fasting serum triglyceride, mg/dL	82.7 ± 1.2	155.3 ± 18.6***	177.8 ± 26.6***
Fasting serum dHDL, mg/dL	83.0 ± 1.6	75.5 ± 4.5*	71.5 ± 2.5*
Serum IL-1β, pg/mL	27.93 ± 5.13	49.97 ± 8.59*	74.90 ± 7.07*
Serum IL-6, pg/mL	3.44 ± 0.46	6.21 ± 0.24*	10.02 ± 1.69*
Serum TNF-α, pg/mL	25.82 ± 9.05	74.06 ± 5.62*	202.10 ± 17.82*
Serum fractalkine, ng/mL	0.38 ± 0.06	0.36 ± 0.04	0.43 ± 0.05
CSF fractalkine, ng/mL	1.20 ± 0.04	1.49 ± 0.07*	1.65 ± 0.03*
NTS fractalkine, ng/mg	4.06 ± 0.17	4.80 ± 0.36*	5.98 ± 0.38*
NTS IL-1β, pg/mg	6.53 ± 0.27	9.17 ± 0.32*	12.63 ± 0.83*
NTS IL-6, pg/mg	61.13 ± 6.30	115.48 ± 3.30*	150.87 ± 11.68*
NTSTNF-α, pg/mg	1.15 ± 0.24	4.67 ± 0.75*	12.17 ± 0.41*

Levels of systolic blood pressure; fasting serum glucose; fasting serum triglycerides; fasting serum dHDL; and quantitative ELISA of serum, CSF, or NTS areas for FKN, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α are presented as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc was performed for statistical analysis.

*P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 compared to control group (n = 6~8 per group)