Table 1.
General Characteristics of 138 Included Articles
| Category | Count (percentage) |
|---|---|
| Date of Publication | |
| 2011–2017 | 85 (62%) |
| 2005–2010 | 48 (35) |
| < 2005 | 5 (4) |
| Continenta,b | |
| Africa | 2 (1) |
| Asia | 18 (13) |
| Australasiac | 9 (7) |
| Central/South America d | 1 (1) |
| North Americae | 49 (36) |
| Europef | 60 (43) |
| Quality Assessmentb | |
| 4 stars | 66 (48) |
| 3 stars | 59 (43) |
| 2 stars | 13 (9) |
| Study Designa,b | |
| Cohort | 44 (32) |
| Cross-sectional | 5 (4) |
| Mixed method | 4 (3) |
| Qualitative | 4 (3) |
| Quasi-experimental | 23 (17) |
| Randomized control trial | 63 (46) |
| Otherg | 3 (2) |
| Theories of Behaviour Change Useda | |
| The Behaviour Change Approach | 2 (1) |
| The Community Organization Approach | 2 (1) |
| Goal-Systems Theory | 1 (1) |
| Health Belief Model | 1 (1) |
| Innovation-Diffusion Theory | 3 (2) |
| Integrated Theory of Behaviour Change | 1 (1) |
| Self-Regulation Theory | 2 (1) |
| Social Cognitive Theory | 8 (6) |
| Social-Ecological Theory | 5 (4) |
| Social Learning Theory | 6 (4) |
| Theory of Planned Behaviour | 5 (4) |
| Transtheoretical Model | 16 (12) |
a Total count sums to > 138 as studies can fall into more than one category
b Due to rounding, total percentages do not equal 100
c China, India, Iran, Korea, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Pakistan, Singapore, and Uzbekistan
d Brazil,Paraguay
e Canada, Mexico, United States
f Denmark, Finland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, France, Poland, Sweden, Croatia, Lithuania, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Norway, Malta, Switzerland
g Case-control, case-study