Table 3.
Interventions with a Four Star Quality Rating and Statistical Analyses That Reported Using “Opportunity”
| Mechanism a | Total number of interventions using the C-M-O | Number of interventions using the C-M-O that report improvement in smoking cessation outcome |
|---|---|---|
| CONTEXT | ||
| NORTH AMERICA | ||
| Opportunity | 11 [51, 61, 63, 82, 83, 96, 103, 105, 119, 120, 126] | 8 (73%) [51, 61, 63, 82, 83, 96, 103, 105] |
| Opportunity – Access | 7 [61, 63, 82, 83, 96, 103, 119] | 6 (86%) [61, 63, 82, 83, 96, 103] |
| Opportunity – Changing Physical and/or Social Environment | 6 [61, 83, 96, 103, 105, 120] | 5 (83%) [61, 83, 96, 103, 105] |
| Opportunity – Social Support | 6 [51, 82, 96, 103, 105, 119] | 5 (83%) [51, 82, 96, 103, 105] |
| ASIA | ||
| Opportunity – Social Support | 3 [65, 75, 125] | 2 (67%) [65, 75] |
| CLINICAL SETTING | ||
| Opportunity – Access | 3 [61, 82, 95] | 3 (100%) [61, 82, 95] |
| COMMUNITY BASED CARE | ||
| Opportunity | 5 [40, 61, 63, 92, 119] | 4 (80%) [40, 61, 63, 92] |
| Opportunity – Access | 4 [61, 63, 92, 119] | 3 (75%) [61, 63, 92] |
| WORKPLACE | ||
| Opportunity – Access | 3 [96, 103, 121] | 2 (67%) [96, 103] |
| Opportunity – Social Support | 3 [96, 103, 105] | 3 (100%) [96, 103, 105] |
| SCHOOLS | ||
| Opportunity | 4 [40, 56, 71, 83] | 4 (100%) [40, 56, 71, 83] |
| Opportunity – Changing Physical and/or Social Environment | 4 [40, 56, 71, 83] | 4 (100%) [40, 56, 71, 83] |
| TARGET POPULATION | ||
| PRIMARY PREVENTION | ||
| Opportunity | 20 [40, 54–56, 61, 63, 71, 82, 83, 96, 101, 103, 105, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 124, 127] | 13 (65%) [40, 54–56, 61, 63, 71, 82, 83, 96, 101, 103, 105] |
| Opportunity – Access | 8 [56, 61, 63, 82, 83, 96, 103, 121] | 7 (88%) [56, 61, 63, 82, 83, 96, 103] |
| Opportunity - Changing Physical and/or Social Environment | 11 [40, 56, 61, 71, 83, 96, 103, 105, 118, 120, 121] | 8 (73%) [40, 56, 61, 71, 83, 96, 103, 105] |
| Opportunity – Social Support | 9 [54, 55, 82, 96, 101, 103, 105, 124, 127] | 7 (78%) [54, 55, 82, 96, 101, 103, 105] |
| SECONDARY PREVENTION | ||
| Opportunity – Access | 4 [49, 92, 95, 119] | 3 (75%) [49, 92, 95] |
| TYPE OF MODIFIABLE RISK BEHAVIOUR INTERVENTION ADDRESSEDb | ||
| ALCOHOL | ||
| Opportunity | 13 [49, 51, 75, 82, 83, 101, 103, 105, 115, 117–119, 122] | 8 (62%) [49, 51, 75, 82, 83, 101, 103, 105] |
| Opportunity – Access | 5 [49, 82, 83, 103, 119] | 4 (80%) [49, 82, 83, 103] |
| Opportunity – Changing Physical and/or Social Environment | 4 [83, 103, 105, 118] | 3 (75%) [83, 103, 105] |
| Opportunity – Social Support | 7 [51, 75, 82, 101, 103, 105, 119] | 6 (86%) [51, 75, 82, 101, 103, 105] |
| DIET | ||
| Opportunity – Access | 11 [56, 61, 63, 82, 83, 92, 95, 96, 103, 119, 121] | 9 (82%) [56, 61, 63, 82, 83, 92, 95, 96, 103] |
| Opportunity – Changing Physical and/or Social Environment | 11 [40, 56, 61, 71, 83, 96, 103, 105, 118, 120, 121] | 8 (73%) [40, 56, 61, 71, 83, 96, 103, 105] |
| Opportunity – Social Support | 14 [54, 55, 65, 75, 82, 96, 101, 103, 105, 119, 123–125, 127] | 9 (64%) [54, 55, 65, 75, 82, 96, 101, 103, 105] |
| PHYSICAL ACTIVITY | ||
| Opportunity – Access | 12 [49, 56, 61, 63, 82, 83, 92, 95, 96, 103, 119, 121] | 10 (83%) [49, 56, 61, 63, 82, 83, 92, 95, 96, 103] |
| Opportunity – Changing Physical and/or Social Environment | 11 [40, 56, 61, 71, 83, 96, 103, 105, 118, 120, 121] | 8 (73%) [40, 56, 61, 71, 83, 96, 103, 105] |
| Opportunity – Social Support | 15 [51, 54, 55, 65, 75, 82, 96, 101, 103, 105, 119, 123–125, 127] | 10 (67%) [51, 54, 55, 65, 75, 82, 96, 101, 103, 105] |
| STRESS | ||
| Opportunity | 10 [40, 92, 95, 96, 101, 103, 105, 118, 119, 126] | 7 (70%) [40, 92, 95, 96, 101, 103, 105] |
| Opportunity – Access | 5 [92, 95, 96, 103, 119] | 4 (80%) [92, 95, 96, 103] |
| Opportunity – Changing Physical and/or Social Environment | 5 [40, 96, 103, 105, 118] | 4 (80%) [40, 96, 103, 105] |
| Opportunity – Social Support | 5 [96, 101, 103, 105, 119] | 4 (80%) [96, 101, 103, 105] |
| NUMBER OF MODIFIABLE RISK BEHAVIOURS | ||
| 3 BEHAVIOURS | ||
| Opportunity – Access | 5 [49, 56, 61, 63, 121] | 4 (80%) [49, 56, 61, 63] |
| Opportunity – Changing Physical and/or Social Environment | 5 [56, 61, 71, 120, 121] | 3 (60%) [56, 61, 71] |
| 4 BEHAVIOURS | ||
| Opportunity | 11 [40, 75, 82, 83, 92, 95, 96, 115, 117, 122, 126] | 7 (64%) [40, 75, 82, 83, 92, 95, 96] |
| Opportunity – Access | 5 [82, 83, 92, 95, 96] | 5 (100%) [82, 83, 92, 95, 96] |
| Opportunity – Changing Physical and/or Social Environment | 3 [40, 83, 96] | 3 (100%) [40, 83, 96] |
| Opportunity – Social Support | 3 [75, 82, 96] | 3 (100%) [75, 82, 96] |
| 5 BEHAVIOURS | ||
| Opportunity – Social Support | 3 [101, 103, 119] | 2 (67%) [101, 103] |
a The mechanisms within these interventions may not be exclusively for addressing smoking behaviour. It could be part of the overall intervention or for other risk behaviours within that intervention
b This category examines interventions that include the specific risk behaviour (i.e. alcohol) as one of the targeted behaviours