Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis for evaluating preoperative risk factors associated with POPF
| Variables | non-POPF, BL (n = 235) | POPF Grade BC (n = 27) | P-value (Univariate) | Odd’s ratio (95% CI) | P-value (Multivariate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 67.0 (25–89) | 67.0 (25–89) | 0.094 | ||
| Gender: M / F | 137/98 | 21/6 | 0.050 | – | – |
| Diagnosis: (PDAC/non-PDAC) | 113/122 | 7/20 | 0.029 | – | – |
| Preoperative diabetes mellitus (yes/no) | 81/154 | 6/21 | 0.201 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.1 (14.9–40.0) | 23.7 (14.1–31.0) | 0.002 | – | – |
| Chemoradiotherapy (yes/no) | 94/141 | 4/23 | 0.010 | 0.25 (0.08–0.80) | 0.019 |
| MPD diameter on CT (mm) | 3.0 (1.0–13.6) | 2.5 (1.0–6.0) | 0.160 | ||
| Pancreatic parenchymal thickness on CT *(mm) | 13.5 (4.5–27.0) | 14.0 (25.0–25.0) | 0.348 | ||
| Pancreatic parenchymal CT value (HU) | 38.5 (10.2–56.5) | 35.8 (9.7–54.8) | 0.028 | – | – |
| Visceral fat CT value (HU) | −97.5 (−123.1- − 100.8) | -100.8 (− 120.7 - -23.0) | 0.025 | – | – |
| pancreas-visceral fat CT value ratio | −0.40 (−1.21- -0.117) | −0.35 (−0.42–0.09) | 0.00025 | 2891.5 (17.6–473,225.1) | 0.002 |
| Type of parenchymal contour (Serrated/smooth) | 24/211 | 10/17 | < 0.001 | 3.11 (1.20–8.06) | 0.020 |
Parenchymal thickness = the thickness of the pancreas (mm) - MPD diameter (mm), at the planned cut line
CI confidence interval, PDAC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, IPMN intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, BMI body mass index, MPD main pancreatic duct, PPPD pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, SSPPD subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula, BL biochemical leak, Statistical analysis: Mann- Whitney U test for contentious variables. χ2 analysis for discrete variables