Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis for evaluating intraoperative risk factors associated with POPF
| Variables | non-POPF, BL (n = 235) | POPF Grade BC (n = 27) | P-value (Univariate) | Odd’s ratio (95% CI) | P-value (Multivariate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procedure: PPPD/SSPPD/PD | 6/203/26 | 0/25/2 | 0.577 | ||
| Laparoscopic surgery (yes/no) | 9/226 | 3/24 | 0.087 | ||
| Combined PV resection (yes/no) | 107/128 | 4/23 | 0.002 | 2.72 (0.80–9.31) | 0.110 |
| Combined artery resection (yes/no) | 9/226 | 3/24 | 0.087 | ||
| Combined distal pancreatectomy (yes/no) | 3/232 | 1/26 | 0.330 | ||
| Pancreatic texture judged intraoperatively (soft/hard) | 102/133 | 21/6 | 0.001 | 2.89 (1.00–8.35) | 0.050 |
| Diameter of main pancreatic duct judged intraoperatively | 4 (1–15) | 3 (2–8) | 0.054 | ||
| Pancreatic stent (yes/no) | 123/112 | 17/10 | 0.654 | ||
| Operation time (min) | 498.5 (286-1373a) | 496.0 (333–670) | 0.591 | ||
| Intraoperative blood loss (ml) | 713.0 (20-20983b) | 692.0 (210–5522) | 0.234 |
aThis case underwent SSPPD, transverse colectomy and low anterior resection for triple cancer (duodenal papilla, transverse colon and rectum)
bThis case developed intraoperative massive bleeding due to the presence of intraabdominal abscess and severe adhesion to adjacent organs and vessels, but finally recovered
CI confidence interval, PPPD pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, SSPPD subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, PD pancreaticoduodenectomy, PV portal vein, POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula, BL biochemical leak, Statistical analysis: Mann- Whitney U test for contentious variables. χ2 analysis for discrete variables