Table 1.
Basic characteristics of cohort/case-control studies included
| Author/Year | Region | Design | Infection | Organism | Sample size (D/C) | Agea (years) (D/C) |
Antibiotics | Antimicrobial susceptibility test (μg/ml) (D/C) | Treatment durationa (days) (D/C) | Follow-up time (days) (D/C) | Outcomesb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DCT | Control | |||||||||||
| Pascale, 2017 [33] | Italy | retrospective study | VAP (51), HAP (23), BSI (16), SBSI (49), CVCI (18), UTI (12), IAI (19), SSTI (12), MSI (7) | CRKP | 48/96 |
D: 55.5 ± 15 C: 61.3 ± 12 |
ETP 1 g q12h/2 g q24h MEM 2 g q8h (3 h infusions) |
CST GEN TGC monotherapy or combined |
CAB ≥1 R 48/96 CST ≤2 S 28/64 GEN ≤2 S 15/72 TGC ≤1 S 16/58 |
D: 17 (11.5–25.5) C: 11.5 (7.5–15.5) |
90/90 | ①②③ |
| Venugopalan, 2017 [34] | USA | retrospective study | BSI | CRKP | 18/18 |
D: 72(61–83) C: 62(48–75) |
ETP 1 g q24h DOR 2 g q8h (4 h infusions) |
DOR + CST |
ETP - DORc 8 (8–32)/− CSTc 8 (0.5–12)/1.25 (0.75–3.5) |
D: 12 (7–14) C: 9 (7–12) |
30/30 | ①②③ |
| Cancelli, 2018 [35] | Italy | retrospective study |
PNA (12), BSI (14), UTI (37), STI (12) |
CPCRE | 21/34 |
D: 62.28 ± 12.1 C: 61.18 ± 17 |
ETP 1 g/d MEM 6 g/d |
CST CST + TGC/GEN/RIF/CAB AMG AMG + CAB MEM + FLQ |
ETPd 256 R 20/− e MEMd 256 R 20/− e CST R 10/6 TGC R 11/18 RIF - AMG R 8/4 FLQ R 21/31 |
D: 39.2 ± 29.5 C: 20.4 ± 14.1 |
60/60 | ①③ |
Abbreviations: D double-carbapenem therapy (DCT) group, C the control group, PNA pneumonia, HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, BSI bloodstream infection, SBSI secondary bloodstream infection, CVCI central venous catheter infection, UTI urinary tract infection, IAI intra-abdominal infection, SSTI skin and soft tissue infection, STI soft tissue infection, MSI multiple site infection, CRKP carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, CPCRE carbapenemase producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, MEM meropenem, ETP ertapenem, DOR doripenem, GEN gentamicin, CST colistin, TGC tigecycline, RIF rifampicin, AMG aminoglycosides, CAB carbapenem antibiotics, FLQ fluoroquinolones, S sensitive, R resistant
-: not reported
a. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), or median (range or interquartile range)
b. ①clinical response; ②microbiological response; ③mortality
c. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics is expressed as mean or median (interquartile range)
d. The MIC of antibiotics is represented by MIC50
e. The remaining strains are not available