Table 7.
Effect of baseline HCMV status on TT-specific cytokine responses 4 weeks after vaccination.
| CMV– | CMV+ | Comparison1 (unadjusted) | Comparison1 (adjusted) 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Geo mean | N | Geo mean | Δ | 95%CI | P-value | Δ | 95%CI | P-value | |
| (GSD) | (GSD) | |||||||||
| IL-4 | 28 | 6.66 (3.48) | 68 | 7.86 (4.13) | 1.21 | (−2.16 to 7.10) | 0.56 | 0.09 | (−1.16 to 1.72) | 0.90 |
| IL-1β | 28 | 750 (22) | 68 | 716 (23) | −34 | (−560 to 1947) | 0.95 | −99 | (−215 to 141) | 0.32 |
| IL-10 | 28 | 202 (10) | 68 | 405 (12) | 204 | (−55 to 917) | 0.18 | 30 | (−36 to 134) | 0.44 |
| IL-12(p70) | 28 | 32.2 (5.8) | 68 | 50.1 (5.3) | 17.9 | (−8.4 to 73.4) | 0.24 | 11.8 | (−9.3 to 46.2) | 0.33 |
| Eotaxin | 28 | 90 (5.3) | 68 | 202 (4.9) | 112 | (9 to 319) | 0.026 | 53 | (−5 to 149) | 0.078 |
| GMCSF | 28 | 44.5 (12.1) | 68 | 24.8 (22.5) | −19.6 | (−36.7 to 34.7) | 0.33 | −11.9 | (−17.3 to −0.9) | 0.038 |
| IFN-γ | 28 | 1259 (4.6) | 68 | 1603 (7.1) | 344 | (−476 to 2023) | 0.51 | −296 | (−655 to 274) | 0.26 |
| PDGFBB | 28 | 9002 (2.9) | 68 | 10096 (4.8) | 1094 | (−3065 to 8166) | 0.67 | 52 | (−3149 to 5126) | 0.98 |
| TNF | 28 | 352 (11) | 68 | 781 (21) | 429 | (−99 to 2066) | 0.17 | 137 | (−5 to 403) | 0.063 |
| VEGF | 28 | 216 (8.0) | 68 | 246 (8.4) | 31 | (−116 to 390) | 0.77 | −19 | (−101 to 115) | 0.73 |
| TNF/IL-10 | 28 | 1.75 (4.91) | 68 | 1.90 (4.16) | 0.15 | (−0.77 to 1.93) | 0.81 | 0.24 | (−0.54 to 1.77) | 0.63 |
| IFN-γ/IL-10 | 28 | 6.24 (5.88) | 68 | 3.94 (4.60) | −2.30 | (−4.34 to 1.93) | 0.22 | −1.98 | (−4.34 to 2.25) | 0.29 |
| IFN-γ/IL-4 | 28 | 199 (3.6) | 68 | 204 (3.2) | 5 | (−80 to 149) | 0.93 | 10 | (−73 to 154) | 0.86 |
| Analysis by Sex | ||||||||||
| IL-1β | ||||||||||
| Male | 11 | 652 (28) | 33 | 516 (36) | −136 | (−594 to 3919) | 0.83 | 145 | (−100 to 892) | 0.37 |
| Female | 17 | 827 (19) | 35 | 984 (14) | 157 | (−632 to 4122) | 0.83 | −225 | (−303 to −42) | 0.025 |
| GMCSF | ||||||||||
| Male | 11 | 48.7 (16.6) | 33 | 11.8 (25.4) | −36.9 | (−46.9 to 28.6) | 0.14 | −23.1 | (−28.4 to −7.9) | 0.013 |
| Female | 17 | 41.7 (9.5) | 35 | 51.1 (17.4) | 9.4 | (−29.1 to 166) | 0.78 | −3.5 | (−12.3 to 18.5) | 0.64 |
| PDGFBB | ||||||||||
| Male | 11 | 12605 (2.4) | 33 | 6252 (7.2) | −6353 | (−9853 to 1597) | 0.094 | −5892 | (−9785 to 2420) | 0.13 |
| Female | 17 | 7098 (3.0) | 35 | 16081 (2.2) | 8983 | (1906 to 21624) | 0.006 | 3871 | (2 to 10097) | 0.050 |
| TNF | ||||||||||
| Male | 11 | 365 (10) | 33 | 358 (27) | −7 | (−298 to 1552) | 0.98 | 44 | (−103 to 459) | 0.68 |
| Female | 17 | 343 (13) | 35 | 1667 (14) | 1324 | (40 to 6899) | 0.035 | 234 | (32 to 639) | 0.014 |
Whole blood was cultured with tetanus toxoid for those infants vaccinated with DTP (DTP and MV+DTP groups) and cytokines measured by multiplex assay in the culture supernatants after 18 h of culture.
1
Estimated using general linear modeling. P < 0.05 are indicated in bold type.
2
Covariates selected for adjustment by forward stepwise regression as described in methods. Only those cytokines which showed significant effects of HCMV infection in the sex analysis are shown. N, number of infants analyzed; Geo mean, geometric mean; GSD, geometric standard deviation; Δ, mean difference; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.