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. 2020 Jun 5;8:430. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00430

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Copyright © 2020 Guo, Wang, Shi, Ye, Yan, Chen, Zhang, Jin and Xue.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Detection of mRNA modifications by LC-MS/MS among healthy controls (HCs) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with different disease activity. (A) Heatmap of normalized abundance (modification/canonical nucleotide) of 11 mRNA modifications detected by LC-MS/MS between HCs and SLE patients. Red indicates a high z-score, whereas blue indicates a low z-score. (B) LC-MS/MS extracted ion chromatograms of modified nucleotides analyzed in CD4⁺ T cells mRNA of HCs and SLE patients. S₄U, 4-thiouridine; m³C, 3-methylcytosine; m⁵C, 5-methylcytosine; m⁵U, 5-methyluridine; m¹A, N¹-methyladenosine; Ψ, pseudouridine; m⁶A, N6-methyladenosine; 3′-OMeA, 3’-O-methyladenosine; Am, 2’-O-methyladenosine; m¹G, 1-methylguanosine; t₆A, N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine. (C) Global dynamics of calibrated m⁵C/C levels in HCs and SLE patients with different disease activity (SA, SM-MA). Bars show the mean of individual biological replicates (n = 2).