Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Number of child maltreatment types | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 101,438) | One (n = 30,915) | Two (n = 11,625) | Three or more (n = 8062) | |
| Mean (SD) age, years | 56.16 (7.70) | 55.81 (7.73) | 55.25 (7.80) | 54.17 (7.71) |
| Female | 55,938 (55.1) | 17,134 (55.4) | 7082 (60.9) | 5509 (68.3) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 99,415 (98.0) | 29,843 (96.5) | 11,061 (95.1) | 7445 (92.3) |
| Mixed | 361 (0.4) | 199 (0.6) | 101 (0.9) | 127 (1.6) |
| South Asian | 656 (0.6) | 323 (1.0) | 147 (1.3) | 125 (1.6) |
| Black | 450 (0.4) | 237 (0.8) | 155 (1.3) | 218 (2.7) |
| Chinese | 144 (0.1) | 108 (0.3) | 53 (0.5) | 43 (0.5) |
| Others | 412 (0.4) | 205 (0.7) | 108 (0.9) | 104 (1.3) |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Mean (SD) deprivation index | − 1.89 (2.73) | − 1.55 (2.89) | − 1.26 (3.03) | − 0.78 (3.25) |
| Education level | ||||
| College or university degree | 47,464 (46.8) | 13,809 (44.7) | 4936 (42.5) | 3219 (39.9) |
| A levels/AS levels or equivalent | 13,885 (13.7) | 4125 (13.3) | 1531 (13.2) | 1030 (12.8) |
| O levels/GCSEs or equivalent | 20,041 (19.8) | 6114 (19.8) | 2353 (20.2) | 1642 (20.4) |
| SEs or equivalent | 3445 (3.4) | 1224 (4.0) | 533 (4.6) | 417 (5.2) |
| NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent | 4848 (4.8) | 1669 (5.4) | 650 (5.6) | 514 (6.4) |
| Other professional qualifications | 5044 (5.0) | 1602 (5.2) | 596 (5.1) | 461 (5.7) |
| None of the above | 6440 (6.3) | 2273 (7.4) | 968 (8.3) | 744 (9.2) |
| Prefer not to answer | 271 (0.3) | 99 (0.3) | 58 (0.5) | 35 (0.4) |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||
| Sleep duration | ||||
| < 6 h | 913 (0.9) | 330 (1.1) | 211 (1.8) | 161 (2.0) |
| 6–9 h | 97,276 (96.1) | 29,206 (94.7) | 10,730 (92.6) | 7211 (89.9) |
| > 9 h | 3075 (3.0) | 1304 (4.2) | 650 (5.6) | 645 (8.0) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 61,136 (60.4) | 16,848 (54.6) | 5823 (50.2) | 3589 (44.7) |
| Former | 33,856 (33.4) | 11,524 (37.3) | 4671 (40.3) | 3397 (42.3) |
| Current | 6279 (6.2) | 2488 (8.1) | 1101 (9.5) | 1049 (13.1) |
| Alcohol drinking > 14 units/week | 40,341 (42.9) | 12,215 (42.7) | 4263 (40.0) | 2635 (35.9) |
| Mean (SD) MET·min of physical activity/week | 2417.23 (2236.73) | 2440.37 (2303.14) | 2519.91 (2348.86) | 2724.99 (2535.82) |
| Mean (SD) hours of TV viewing/day | 2.45 (1.38) | 2.48 (1.44) | 2.53 (1.50) | 2.58 (1.59) |
| Physical measurements | ||||
| BMI categories | ||||
| Underweight | 569 (0.6) | 172 (0.6) | 54 (0.5) | 53 (0.7) |
| Normal | 39,848 (39.4) | 11,521 (37.4) | 4105 (35.4) | 2600 (32.3) |
| Overweight | 42,157 (41.6) | 12,784 (41.5) | 4711 (40.6) | 3204 (39.8) |
| Obese | 18,663 (18.4) | 6358 (20.6) | 2734 (23.6) | 2184 (27.2) |
| Abdominal obesity | 42,863 (42.3) | 13,636 (44.2) | 5122 (44.1) | 3518 (43.7) |
| Mean (SD) systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 136.70 (18.06) | 135.68 (17.97) | 134.95 (18.16) | 133.65 (18.09) |
| Mean (SD) grip strength, kg | 31.48 (10.70) | 31.30 (10.74) | 30.37 (10.66) | 29.19 (10.38) |
| Psychiatric/emotional factors | ||||
| Depression diagnosed | 3683 (3.6) | 1919 (6.2) | 1013 (8.7) | 1016 (12.6) |
| Anxiety diagnosed | 1282 (1.3) | 591 (1.9) | 279 (2.4) | 271 (3.4) |
| Schizophrenia diagnosed | 184 (0.2) | 85 (0.3) | 58 (0.5) | 66 (0.8) |
| Mean (SD) depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) | 2.20 (3.05) | 3.23 (3.87) | 4.22 (4.65) | 5.45 (5.69) |
| Mean (SD) anxiety symptoms (GAD-7) | 1.72 (2.91) | 2.49 (3.59) | 3.28 (4.18) | 4.28 (4.95) |
| Any psychotic experience | 3351 (3.3) | 1624 (5.3) | 930 (8.2) | 1037 (13.4) |
| Any behavioural addiction | 912 (0.9) | 596 (2.0) | 312 (2.7) | 332 (4.2) |
| Any drug addiction | 786 (0.8) | 470 (1.5) | 283 (2.5) | 332 (4.2) |
| Any self-harm behaviours | 2376 (2.3) | 1668 (5.4) | 1101 (9.5) | 1390 (17.4) |
| Mean (SD) biomarkers | ||||
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.49 (0.38) | 1.47 (0.38) | 1.47 (0.38) | 1.47 (0.38) |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.58 (0.84) | 3.57 (0.84) | 3.56 (0.84) | 3.57 (0.87) |
| Glycated haemoglobin, mmol/mol | 35.26 (5.40) | 35.36 (5.70) | 35.55 (6.32) | 35.57 (6.09) |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 0.88 (0.15) | 0.89 (0.15) | 0.88 (0.15) | 0.88 (0.17) |
| Gamma-glutamyltransferase, U/L | 33.79 (34.94) | 34.33 (35.71) | 34.46 (36.36) | 34.79 (35.76) |
Numbers presented are n (%) unless otherwise specified