Table 4.
Association between intraoperative hyper−/hypotension and postoperative complications
| Thresholds and durations | N | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (adjusted CI) | P value | ||
| SBP ≥200 mmHg | (95% CI), P < 0.05 | ||||
| ≥ 1 min | 97 | 1.485 (0.760–2.902) | 0.247 | 1.094 (0.497–2.407) | 0.824 |
| SBP ≥180 mmHg | (98.3% CI), P < 0.017 (0.05/3) b | ||||
| ≥ 1 min | 186 | 1.185 (0.616–2.281) | 0.611 | 0.735 (0.275–1.966) | 0.455 |
| ≥ 5 min | 99 | 1.130 (0.569–2.246) | 0.727 | 0.719 (0.268–1.930) | 0.425 |
| ≥ 10 min | 63 | 1.321 (0.613–2.847) | 0.478 | 0.792 (0.259–2.424) | 0.619 |
| SBP ≥160 mmHg | (99% CI), P < 0.01 (0.05/5) b | ||||
| ≥ 1 min | 270 | 1.099 (0.463–2.611) | 0.831 | 0.753 (0.175–3.240) | 0.617 |
| ≥ 5 min | 213 | 1.655 (0.801–3.423) | 0.174 | 0.963 (0.308–3.016) | 0.933 |
| ≥ 10 min | 161 | 1.217 (0.640–2.314) | 0.550 | 0.702 (0.254–1.940) | 0.370 |
| ≥ 20 min | 92 | 2.043 (1.055–3.958) | 0.034 | 1.142 (0.406–3.213) | 0.740 |
| ≥ 30 min | 53 | 2.294 (1.090–4.828) | 0.029 | 1.234 (0.387–3.933) | 0.641 |
| SBP ≤100 mmHg | (99.3% CI), P < 0.007 (0.05/7) b | ||||
| ≥ 1 min | 278 | 4.065 (0.950–17.390) | 0.059 | 3.141 (0.338–29.226) | 0.166 |
| ≥ 5 min | 243 | 2.335 (0.948–5.749) | 0.065 | 1.710 (0.416–7.037) | 0.306 |
| ≥ 10 min | 211 | 2.685 (1.201–6.002) | 0.016 | 1.839 (0.511–6.617) | 0.200 |
| ≥ 20 min | 162 | 3.017 (1.489–6.113) | 0.002 | 1.809 (0.573–5.714) | 0.164 |
| ≥ 30 min | 121 | 3.043 (1.547–5.882) | 0.001 | 1.871 (0.603–5.801) | 0.136 |
| ≥ 40 min | 83 | 4.293 (2.211–8.336) | < 0.001 | 2.535 (0.796–8.076) | 0.030 |
| ≥ 50 min | 58 | 4.392 (2.199–8.774) | < 0.001 | 2.625 (0.828–8.320) | 0.024 |
| SBP ≤95 mmHg | (99% CI), P < 0.01 (0.05/5) b | ||||
| ≥ 1 min | 245 | 2.253 (0.915–5.551) | 0.077 | 1.746 (0.446–6.834) | 0.293 |
| ≥ 5 min | 217 | 2.452 (1.096–5.487) | 0.029 | 1.807 (0.528–6.180) | 0.215 |
| ≥ 10 min | 170 | 2.695 (1.330–5.458) | 0.006 | 1.916 (0.640–5.735) | 0.126 |
| ≥ 20 min | 106 | 3.900 (2.008–7.547) | < 0.001 | 3.211 (1.081–9.536) | 0.006 |
| ≥ 30 min | 63 | 4.874 (2.465–9.634) | < 0.001 | 3.173 (1.012–9.950) | 0.009 |
| SBP ≤90 mmHg | (98.8% CI), P < 0.012 (0.05/4) b | ||||
| ≥ 1 min | 207 | 2.424 (1.120–5.248) | 0.025 | 1.653 (0.510–5.358) | 0.283 |
| ≥ 5 min | 147 | 2.588 (1.324–5.058) | 0.005 | 1.662 (0.579–4.769) | 0.226 |
| ≥ 10 min | 101 | 3.396 (1.762–6.546) | < 0.001 | 2.160 (0.757–6.159) | 0.065 |
| ≥ 20 min | 53 | 5.122 (2.540–10.332) | < 0.001 | 3.680 (1.107–12.240) | 0.006 |
| SBP ≤85 mmHg | (98.3% CI), P < 0.017 (0.05/3) b | ||||
| ≥ 1 min | 153 | 3.021 (1.512–6.033) | 0.002 | 1.855 (0.647–5.317) | 0.161 |
| ≥ 5 min | 93 | 3.516 (1.822–6.783) | < 0.001 | 2.039 (0.739–5.621) | 0.094 |
| ≥ 10 min | 60 | 4.692 (2.361–9.325) | < 0.001 | 3.975 (1.321–11.961) | 0.003 |
| SBP ≤80 mmHg | (95% CI), P < 0.05 | ||||
| ≥ 1 min | 98 | 5.062 (2.580–9.935) | < 0.001 | 3.465 (1.484–8.093) | 0.004 |
N Number, SBP Systolic blood pressure, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval
a Independent factors with P values < 0.10 in univariate analyses or were considered clinically important were included in the multivariate logistic regression model. These included male gender, ASA classification (3 + 4 vs. 1 + 2), maximal tumor diameter (cm), paraganglioma, preoperative combined antihypertensives, period of surgery, type of anesthesia (combined epidural-general vs. general), duration of surgery (min), type of surgery (open vs. laparoscopic/transurethral), intraoperative blood transfusion, combined antihypertensives during surgery and use of vasopressors during surgery. History of diabetes mellitus and previous stroke were excluded due to correlation with ASA classification; preoperative calcium channel blocker, SBP, DBP and HR were excluded due to correlation with preoperative combined antihypertensives; duration of anesthesia and intraoperative positive fluid balance were excluded due to correlation with duration of surgery; intraoperative minimal hemoglobin and estimated blood loss were excluded due to correlation with intraoperative blood transfusion; use of antihypertensives during surgery was excluded due to correlation with combined antihypertensives during surgery; use of combined vasopressors during surgery were excluded due to correlation with use of vasopressors during surgery
b The threshold level of significance was corrected using the Bonferroni method