Table 1.
Examples of Detection and Toxicity Testing Technologies Supported by the SRP.
| Text Reference | Technology | Grantee | Grant numbers | Applications | Contaminant | Benefits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Gold nanoparticle-based plasmonic mercury sensor | J. James, Picoyune | R44ES023729 | On-site measurement of mercury in soil, sediment, and water | Mercury | Ease of use and portability |
| B | Cavity ring-down spectroscopy and diffusion time-of-flight incorporating stationary phases called “AROMA” | B. Richman, Entanglement Technologies | R44ES022538 | Real-time trace trichloroethylene vapor sensor | Trichloroethylene (TCE) | Mobile, sensitive detection plus specificity |
| C | Advances in solid phase extraction and novel selection coatings for optical detection | B. Vaidya, Lynntech, Inc. | R43ES021625 | Vapor intrusion modeling, detection of volatile and semi-volatile toxic chemicals. | Volatile and semi-volatile toxic chemicals | Ease of use and portability, high selectivity |
| D | Polyoxymethylene (POM) passive sampling device | U. Ghosh, University of Maryland | R01ES020941 | Predict changes in uptake of PCBs in fish after remediation | Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | Early indication of remediation success |
| E | Passive sampling device made of SPME fiber preloaded with stable isotopes | J. Gay and D. Schlenk, University of California-Riverside | R01ES02092 | Measure bioaccumulation of several classes of contaminants in sediments | Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), PCBs, environmental pollution | Fast results, early indication of remediation success |
| F | Polyethylene passive (PE) passive sampling device | Kim Anderson, Oregon State University | P42ES016465 | Sampling of air, sediment, and water | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) | Can predict PAH concentrations in crayfish; extractants used in zebrafish toxicity test |
| G | Polyurethane foam passive air samplers | K. Hornbuckle, P. Thorne, University of Iowa | P42ES013661 | Measure airborne contaminants from dredging | Semi-volatile PCBs | Predicts complex mixture of chemicals in air, may help identify sources |
| H | Porous Extraction Paddle (PEP) – a tea bag-like non-targeted passive sampling device | R. Giese, Northeastern University | P42ES171980 | Rapid collection of contaminants in urine and drinking water; compatible to use by nurses during in-home interviews | Phthalates, trichloroethylenes, other toxicants | Ease of use, reduces material to go to lab for analysis and storage |
| I | Silicone wristband and extraction method | K. Anderson, Oregon State University | P42ES016465 | Personal exposure monitoring | 1,200 airborne chemicals | Mimics the body’s absorption process |
| J | Interface for smartphone uses pollutant data integrated with geographical models | W. Bair and D. Williams, Oregon State University | P42ES016465 | Personal air quality monitoring | Particulate matter, ozone | Approachable for citizen science or personal monitoring |
| K | Smartphone-enabled device uses lab-on-a-chip platform to perform microscale enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays | T. Pan, University of California - Davis | P42ES004699 | Personal exposure monitoring | Flame retardant BDE-47 | Low cost, approachable for citizen science or personal monitoring |
| L | Chemically activated luciferase expression cell bioassay | M. Denison, University California-Davis | P42ES004699 | Measure chemicals in a variety of sources, including water | Dioxins, hormonal mimics | Identifies a hotspot of toxicity |
| M | Sensitive, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | S. Gee, University of California-Davis | P42ES004699 | Screen for human and environmental exposure | Triclosan | Rapid, convenient; identifies a hotspot of toxicity |
| N | Assay uses a chemoproteomic platform to map protein targets of environmental chemicals | D. Nomura, University of California-Berkeley | P42ES004705 | Comprehensive screen to determine how molecules interact in the body | Multiple environmental chemicals | Identifies a hotspot of toxicity |
| N/A | Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy | M. Benhabib, Ondavia, Inc. | R43ES025083 R43ES026513 |
Environmental remediation of halogenated solvents, coal-fired power plant waste water monitoring; oil refinery process control. | Halogenated solvents | Ease of use and portability |
| N/A | Simple colorimeter using green technology avoids use of mercury, commonly used in arsenic samplers | B. Vaidya, Lynntech, Inc. | R43ES025466 | Rapid detection of chemicals in water | Arsenic | Ease of use and portability, green chemistry |
| N/A | Passive sampling device; mixed-polymer sorptive phase within a non-selective and highly porous membrane | D. Shea, NC State University | P42ES005948 | Detection and determination of bioavailability in water and sediment | Over 400 chemicals | Non-targeted sampling of disaster site (coal ash spill) |