Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of 2209 patients with schizophrenia complicated by pneumoniaa
| With pneumonia (n = 101) | Without pneumonia (n = 2108) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 52.3 ± 12.0 | 47.2 ± 12.1 | 0.002 |
| Males/females, n | 55/46 | 1188/920 | 0.70 |
| Smoking habit, n (%) | |||
| Current/former smoker | 67 (66.3%) | 1037 (49.2%) | <0.001 |
| Never smoker | 34 (33.7%) | 1071 (50.8%) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Neoplastic disease | 1 (1.0%) | 40 (1.9%) | 0.50 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3 (3.0%) | 38 (1.8%) | 0.40 |
| Congestive heart failure | 5 (5.0%) | 46 (2.2%) | 0.07 |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 3 (3.0%) | 37 (1.8%) | 0.37 |
| Chronic renal disease | 5 (5.0%) | 77 (3.7%) | 0.50 |
| Chronic liver disease | 4 (4.0%) | 98 (4.6%) | 0.75 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (8.9%) | 198 (9.4%) | 0.87 |
| Clinical parameters | |||
| Height, cm | 165.5 ± 7.6 | 165.1 ± 7.6 | 0.61 |
| Body weight, kg | 54.2 ± 10.4 | 58.8 ± 10.3 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 19.9 ± 4.1 | 21.7 ± 4.3 | <0.001 |
| Typical antipsychotics, n (%) | 10 (9.9%) | 507 (24.1%) | 0.001 |
| Chlorpromazine | 1 (1.0%) | 58 (2.8%) | 0.28 |
| Levomepromazine | 5 (5.0%) | 228 (10.8%) | 0.06 |
| Haloperidol | 5 (5.0%) | 223 (10.6%) | 0.07 |
| Others | 1 (1.0%) | 53 (2.5%) | 0.33 |
| Atypical antipsychotics, n (%) | 97 (96.0%) | 1890 (89.7%) | 0.04 |
| Risperidone | 38 (37.6%) | 661 (31.4%) | 0.19 |
| Olanzapine | 23 (22.8%) | 580 (27.5%) | 0.30 |
| Quetiapine | 18 (17.8%) | 425 (20.2%) | 0.57 |
| Clozapine | 1 (1.0%) | 33 (1.6%) | 0.65 |
| Aripiprazole | 15 (14.9%) | 213 (10.1%) | 0.13 |
| Others | 28 (27.7%) | 716 (34.0%) | 0.19 |
| Total chlorpromazine equivalent dose, mg | 692.0 ± 336.0 | 517.5 ± 269.2 | <0.001 |
a
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation.