Fig 1. Effects of constant light exposure with and without time-restricted feeding on the rhythmic mRNA expression of the representative clock and clock-related genes in liver and WAT.

Mice were housed under three conditions (closed circle, ad libitum under LD cycle; open square, ad libitum under LL cycle; open triangle, restricted feeding at night-time under LL cycle). The liver was isolated at 4 time points (08:00, 14:00, 20:00 and 02:00) for mRNA isolation. mRNA levels of the following genes (Clock, Bmal1, Cry1, Per1, Rev-erbα, Rev-erbβ, Rorα and Rorγ) were measured by qRT-PCR and expressed as values relative to the 08:00 time point, which is arbitrarily defined as 1, Values indicate the mean ± SD of 4 mice per group for each time point. Primer sequences are shown in Table 1. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, LD cycle vs LL cycle, LD cycle vs restricted feeding under LL cycle determined by two-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.