Figure 5. Oral administration of malate and aspartate promotes initial growth of S. Typhimurium in the gut lumen.

A. CON^E mice (N=9) were orally gavaged with 20 mg of an equal mixture (w/w) of L-aspartate and L-malate four hours after infection with a mixed inoculum composed of WITS-barcoded S.Tm^wt, S.Tm^dcuABC, S.Tm^{fumABC aspA}, S.Tm^hyb, S.Tm^aspA, S.Tm^fumABC, S.Tm ^frd, and untagged wild type S. Typhimurium (5 × 10⁷ cfu; mixed inoculum of 8 strains) and once per day thereafter. Control mice were treated with water (N=10). A. Total S. Typhimurium loads in the feces collected at days 1–4 pi. B. Lipocalin-2 ELISA.