Extended Data Table 1: Novel lead variants associated with type 2 diabetes in East Asians.

Single variant association results from East Asian fixed-effect inverse-variance meta-analysis (BMI-unadjusted sex-combined model adjusted for age, sex, and study-specific covariates) using METAL. Loci were defined as novel if the lead variant is (1) at least 500 kb away and confirmed by GCTA to be conditionally independent from previously reported T2D-associated variants in any ancestry, and (2) assessed using locuszoom plots and biology lookups to be to be away from known loci with extended LD. Four additional variants met the definition for a novel locus but are located within the previously reported major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region; see Supplementary Table S5 for the full list of distinct association signals at the MHC region. rs4804181 was >500kb from primary signal rs3111316 in European meta-analysis, but <500kb from their secondary signal rs755734872. Genome-wide significant association is defined as P < 5.0E-08. Physical position based on hg19. Effect alleles are associated with increased risk for T2D. Odds ratios reflect per allele effects of variants on T2D risk.

Chr, chromosome; Pos, position; RAF, risk allele frequency; Neff, effective sample size; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; P, P-value