Table 1.

Overview of FE models for strength assessment in metastatic femurs, validated with experiments on human cadaver femurs (Yosibash et al., 2014; Tanck et al., 2009; Keyak et al., 2005a; Derikx et al., 2012; Benca et al., 2019; Alexander et al., 2013; Keyak et al., 2005b; Spruijt et al., 2006; Cheal et al., 1993).

Study		No. of femurs	Lesion		Mechanical test	FEA		Validation
			Type	Location		Meshing	Material	Parameter	R2
Cheal et al., 1993		1	Simulated	Neck	Compression	Geometry	Linear	Failure force	“poor”
Keyak et al., 2005a, Keyak et al., 2005b	2005a	24	Real and simulated	Shaft	4 point-bending	Voxel	Linear	Failure force	0.88-0.95
	2005b	44	Real	Proximal femur	Compression	Voxel	Nonlinear	Failure force	0.83-0.88
Spruijt et al., 2006		11 pairs	Simulated	Shaft	Torsion	Voxel	Linear	Failure moment	0.68-0.82
Tanck et al., 2009		5 pairs	Simulated	Proximal femur	Compression	Voxel	Nonlinear	Failure force	0.92
Derikx et al., 2012		10 pairs	Simulated	Proximal femur	Compression	Geometry	Nonlinear	Failure force	0.90-0.93
Alexander et al., 2013		8 pairs	Simulated	Neck	Compression	Geometry	Linear	NA
Yosibash et al., 2014		7 pairs	Real	Proximal femur	Compression	Geometry	Linear	Yield force	0.78
Benca et al., 2019		16 pairs	Simulated	Neck	Compression	Voxel	Nonlinear	Failure force	0.77-0.98
								Stiffness	0.47-0.94

NA = Not Applicable.