Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, opioid and sedative use patterns, and psychiatric diagnosis of participants with past 12-month OUD by gender.
| Men (N = 154) % or M (SD) |
Women (N = 176) % or M (SD) |
X2 | t | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race | 0.19 | - | .910 | ||
| Caucasian | 59.7% | 57.4% | |||
| African American | 22.1% | 22.3% | |||
| Other | 18.2% | 19.3% | |||
| Age | 40.5 (14.3) | 44.5 (16.3) | - | −2.34 | .020* |
| Family Income1 | 7.9 (4.5) | 7.8 (4.4) | - | 0.31 | .757 |
| Age of first opioid use | 26.4 (13.1) | 28.8 (14.9) | - | −1.54 | .126 |
| Age of first sedative use2 | 24.0 (12.1) | 23.9 (10.1) | - | 0.04 | .966 |
| Duration (weeks) of heaviest opioid use | 261.7 (433.8) | 235.3 (385.9) | - | 0.58 | .559 |
| Duration (weeks) of heaviest sedative use2 | 40.1 (81.3) | 47.7 (95.4) | - | −0.77 | .442 |
| Frequency of opioid use at heaviest use3 | 2.2 (1.9) | 2.3 (1.9) | - | −0.19 | .849 |
| Frequency of sedative use at heaviest use2,3 | 4.0 (3.0) | 3.5 (3.0) | - | 1.12 | .266 |
| Frequency of opioid use in past 12 months3 | 3.4 (2.7) | 3.3 (2.5) | - | 0.29 | .770 |
| Frequency of sedative use in past 12 months2,3 | 4.2 (2.7) | 3.8 (2.9) | - | 0.88 | .382 |
| Substance use | 0.43 | - | .512 | ||
| Opioid use disorder only | 85.1% | 82.4% | |||
| Opioid use disorder with co-occurring sedative use disorder | 14.9% | 17.6% | |||
| Mode of sedative use among those with sedative use disorder4 | 2.50 | - | .114 | ||
| Using with a prescription | 34.8% | 56.7% | |||
| Using without a prescription | 65.2% | 43.3% | |||
| Mode of opioid use | 1.58 | - | .208 | ||
| Using with a prescription | 51.9% | 58.9% | |||
| Using without a prescription | 48.1% | 41.1% | |||
| Borderline personality disorder | 44.8% | 50.6% | 1.09 | - | .296 |
| Antisocial personality disorder | 32.5% | 15.9% | 12.48 | - | <.001* |
| Schizotypal personality disorder | 29.9% | 30.7% | 0.03 | - | .873 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 14.9% | 29.0% | 9.31 | - | .002* |
| Depressive disorders | 26.6% | 38.6% | 5.36 | - | .021* |
| Anxiety disorders | 22.1% | 38.6% | 10.55 | - | .001* |
| Bipolar disorder | 13.0% | 10.2% | 0.61 | - | .433 |
Denotes a p-value less than .05.
Income was coded into 21 continuous income range categories by the NESARC-III ranging from (1 = Less than $5000 to 21 = Over $200,000).
Includes individuals reporting any sedative use who responded to this question.
Frequency of use was coded into 10 categories (1=Daily, 2 = Nearly every day, 3 = 3 to 4 times per week, 4 = 1 to 2 times per week, 5 = 2 to 3 times per month, 6 = once per month, 7 = 7 to 11 times in the last year, 8 = 3 to 6 times in the last year, 9 = 2 times in the last year, 10=Once in the last year) by the NESARC-III, and treated continuously in this analysis
Includes individuals with sedative use disorder who responded to this question.