Table 2.
Demographic characteristics, opioid and sedative use patterns, and psychiatric diagnosis of participants with past 12-month OUD by sedative use disorder.
| Opioid use disorder only (N = 276) % or M (SD) |
Co-occurring sedative use disorder (N = 54) % or M (SD) |
X2 | t1 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race | 5.03 | - | .081 | ||
| Caucasian | 55.8% | 72.2% | |||
| African American | 24.3% | 14.8% | |||
| Other | 19.9% | 13.0% | |||
| Age | 43.3 (15.5) | 39.1 (15.2) | - | 1.84 | .069 |
| Family Income2 | 8.0 (4.5) | 7.3 (4.4) | - | 1.10 | .275 |
| Age of first opioid use | 28.3 (14.5) | 24.6 (11.3) | - | 2.09 | .039* |
| Duration (weeks) of heaviest opioid use | 236.8 (398.4) | 302.4 (456.2) | - | −0.98 | .328 |
| Frequency of opioid use at heaviest use3 | 2.3 (2.0) | 2.0 (1.6) | - | 1.33 | .186 |
| Frequency of opioid use in past 12 months3 | 3.4 (2.6) | 3.0 (2.2) | - | 1.20 | .234 |
| Mode of opioid use | 3.83 | - | .050* | ||
| Using with a prescription | 58.0% | 43.4% | |||
| Using without a prescription | 42.0% | 56.6% | |||
| Past year tobacco use disorder | 56.9% | 72.2% | 4.41 | - | .036* |
| Past year alcohol use disorder | 40.2% | 53.7% | 3.36 | - | .067 |
| Past year cannabis use disorder | 18.8% | 35.2% | 7.15 | - | .008* |
| Past year cocaine use disorder | 4.0% | 22.2% | 23.17 | - | <.001* |
| Past year hallucinogen use disorder | 1.1% | 9.3% | 12.75 | - | <.001* |
| Past year stimulant use disorder | 4.0% | 25.9% | 31.05 | - | <.001* |
| Past year club drug use disorder | 1.8% | 11.1% | 12.12 | - | <.001* |
| Past year inhalant/solvent use disorder | 0.4% | 3.7% | 5.60 | - | .018* |
| Borderline personality disorder | 44.2% | 66.7% | 9.13 | - | .003* |
| Antisocial personality disorder | 21.0% | 37.0% | 6.42 | - | .011* |
| Schizotypal personality disorder | 26.8% | 48.1% | 9.74 | - | .002* |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 19.2% | 38.9% | 10.06 | - | .002* |
| Depressive disorders | 31.9% | 38.9% | 1.00 | - | .317 |
| Anxiety disorders | 28.6% | 42.6% | 4.13 | - | .042* |
| Bipolar disorder | 10.5% | 16.7% | 1.68 | - | .195 |
Denotes a p-value less than .05.
Due to uneven sample sizes, unequal variance t-tests were used to compare individuals with and without co-occurring sedative use disorder
Income was coded into 21 continuous income range categories by the NESARC-III ranging from (1 = Less than $5000 to 21 = Over $200,000).
Frequency of use was coded into 10 categories (1=Daily, 2 = Nearly every day, 3 = 3 to 4 times per week, 4 = 1 to 2 times per week, 5 = 2 to 3 times per month, 6 = once per month, 7 = 7 to 11 times in the last year, 8 = 3 to 6 times in the last year, 9 = 2 times in the last year, 10=Once in the last year) by the NESARC-III, and treated continuously in this analysis