Table 1d.
Quantitative and mixed-method studies conducted in other countries.
| First author, year | Country | Study design | Study setting | Population | Age | Screening status | Type of screening | Patient-reported factors influencing women’s cervical cancer screening experience. The (+/−) signs indicate women’s perception of how these factors influenced their screening experience. | MMAT score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belglaiaa et al. (2018) | Morocco | Cross-sectional study | HIV treatment center at the Hospital of Moulay Hassan Ben Elmehdi in Laâyoune city, Morocco | 115 HIV-positive women | Mean age 34.9 years | 13% screened at least once | Pap test |
Personal lack of knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors (79.1%) (−), absence of symptoms (47%) (−), never heard of a Pap test (22%) (−), fear of abnormal results (13%) (−), fear of painful sampling (7%), shame or embarrassment (7%) (−), absence of sexual activity (3%) (−) Social information sources [media, (17.4%), friends/family (2.6%), HCP (0.9%)] (+) |
50% |
| Delgado et al. (2017) | Peru | Cross-sectional study | Vía Libre non-governmental organization (NGO) HIV center in Lima, Peru | 71 HIV-positive women | 19–60 years, mean age 40.4 year | 12.7% never had a Pap test, 77.5% had over 1 year ago, 9.8% within 1 year | Pap test | Personal good knowledge on cervical cancer screening interval and frequency (75%) (+), low perception about being at risk of cervical cancer among HIV-positive women (37.5%) (−), good knowledge on certain types of the HPV that can cause cervical cancer (75%) (+) | 50% |
| Sichanh et al. (2014) | Laos | Cross-sectional case–control study | HIV treatment centers of three provinces of Lao PDR, Vientiane, Luang Prabang and Savannakhet | 320 HIV-positive women (cases) and 320 HIV-negative women (controls) | 25–63 years, mean age 36.2 year | 5.6% screened at least once | Pap test |
Personal no symptoms (46%) (−), never heard of cervical cancer screening (21.2%) (−), screening not necessary (10.9%) (−), not prescribed by the doctor (7.3%) (−) Structural not enough cervical cancer screening services available (5.6%) (−), |
100% |
HCP healthcare provider, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, MMAT mixed methods appraisal tool.