Table 1.
Age-standardized participant characteristics according to smoking status in the NHS and HPFS cohorts1
| Women |
Men |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smokers (n=34,204) | Nonsmokers (n=40,646) | Smokers (n=18,991) | Nonsmokers (n=22,196) | |
| Age, year | 60.4 (11.4) | 60.5 (11.8) | 65.1 (11.0) | 63.1 (11.5) |
| Family history of cancer, %2 | 54 | 55 | 34 | 35 |
| Pack-years of smoking | 28.7 (19.3) | 0.5 (1.2) | 27.1 (18.0) | 0.4 (1.2) |
| Current smoking status, % | ||||
| Never smokers | 0 | 78 | 0 | 87 |
| Past smokers | ||||
| Quit <5 years ago | 11 | 2 | 16 | 1 |
| Quit 6–9 years ago | 8 | 1 | 10 | 1 |
| Quit ≥10 years ago | 45 | 19 | 51 | 10 |
| Missing quit time | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Current smokers | ||||
| 1–14 cigarettes/day | 12 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| 15–24 cigarettes/day | 14 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| ≥25 cigarettes/day | 8 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Missing cigarettes/day | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.7 (4.1) | 25.0 (4.4) | 25.9 (3.3) | 25.5 (3.2) |
| Weight at early adulthood, pounds3 | 129 (20.3) | 125 (18.0) | 162 (23.4) | 161 (22.3) |
| Weight change, pounds4 | 11.3 (20.6) | 16.0 (20.4) | 15.8 (18.9) | 13.2 (17.2) |
| Physical activity, minutes/week | 157 (130) | 160 (130) | 192 (229) | 222 (241) |
| Alcohol intake, g/day | 8.2 (10.9) | 4.4 (7.4) | 14.3 (15.7) | 8.4 (11.3) |
| Multivitamin use, % | 52 | 55 | 42 | 45 |
| Regular use of aspirin, % | 51 | 48 | 56 | 49 |
Abbreviations: HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study.
1
Updated information throughout follow-up was used to calculate the mean for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables, unless otherwise specified. All variables are age-standardized except age.
2
Defined as having a diagnosis of any cancer among parents or siblings.
3
Early adulthood represents age of 18 years in women and age of 21 years in men.
4
Weight change was calculated as the change in weight from age 18 to 1976 in women and from age 21 to 1981 in men.