Table 2. Outcomes for Individual Cardiovascular Risk Factors According to Study Group.
Outcome | Intervention group | Control group | Between-group difference, mean (95% CI)a | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Change, mean (95% CI)a | Mean (SD) | Change, mean (95% CI)a | ||||
Baseline | 18 mo | Baseline | 18 mo | ||||
Continuous outcomes | |||||||
Blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||||
Systolicb | 118.1 (13.0) | 116.5 (12.9) | −3.9 (−1.5 to 0.8) | 120.1 (14.5) | 120.2 (16.2) | 0.2 (−2.1 to 2.5) | −1.8 (−5.1 to 1.5) |
Diastolic | 75.3 (8.2) | 73.9 (9.2) | −3.0 (−1.5 to 0.1) | 74.9 (9.3) | 74.7 (11.1) | 0.2 (−1.3 to 1.7) | −1.7 (−3.8 to 0.5) |
Total cholesterol, mg/dLb | 178.9 (42.1) | 171.8 (38.3) | −7.7 (−14.2 to −1.3) | 181.1 (41.6) | 177.7 (48.7) | −3.4 (−9.7 to 2.9) | −4.3 (−13.3 to 4.7) |
Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 101.9 (36.8) | 93.7 (33.5) | −8.5 (−13.9 to −3.3) | 101.0 (33.4) | 97.3 (35.9) | −3.2 (−8.4 to 1.9) | −5.4 (−12.7 to 2.0) |
High-density lipoprotein, mg/dLb | 49.2 (15.3) | 50.7 (14.8) | 1.5 (−0.5 to 3.5) | 50.2 (19.3) | 51.0 (17.7) | 0.5 (−1.4 to 2.4) | 1.0 (−1.8 to 3.8) |
Trigylcerides, mg/dL | 140.2 (74.3) | 141.0 (76.9) | 0.6 (−14.8 to 16.0) | 156.6 (106.7) | 149.0 (111.1) | −7.5 (−22.5 to 7.6) | 8.1 (−13.4 to 29.6) |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 106.5 (36.7) | 106.7 (45.2) | 0.5 (−6.7 to 7.6) | 110.6 (36.9) | 117.4 (60.0) | 8.1 (1.1 to 15.0) | −7.6 (−17.6 to 2.4) |
Glycated hemoglobin A1C, % | 6.0 (1.2) | 5.9 (1.3) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 6.3 (1.4) | 6.2 (1.8) | −0.0 (−0.2 to 0.1) | −0.0 (−0.3 to 0.2) |
Body mass indexc | 34.4 (7.8) | 33.7 (7.7) | −0.8 (−1.3 to −0.2) | 32.9 (6.6) | 32.1 (6.6) | −0.9 (−1.4 to −0.4) | 0.1 (−0.7 to 0.9) |
Binary outcomes | |||||||
Medication for hypertension, No. (%)b | 63 (47.7) | 70 (53.0) | 7.99 (1.16 to 14.81)d | 65 (47.5) | 66 (48.2) | −1.87 (−5.04 to 8.80)d | 6.11 (−3.61 to 15.84)e |
Diabetes, No. (%)b | 42 (31.8) | 46 (34.9) | 4.74 (1.11 to 8.36)d | 51 (37.2) | 60 (43.8) | 8.51 (3.89 to 13.14)d | −3.78 (−9.65 to 2.10)e |
Tobacco smoking, No. (%)b | 65 (49.2) | 47 (35.6) | −11.81 (−18.32 to −5.31)d | 73 (53.3) | 67 (48.9) | −1.32 (−5.78 to 3.14)d | −10.50 (−18.39 to −2.59)e |
SI conversion factors: to convert cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259; glycated hemoglobin A1C to proportion of total hemoglobin, multiply by 0.01; triglycerides to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0113; and glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555.
Mixed-effects repeated measures model-based estimates.
Components of the Global Framingham Risk Score.
Body mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Data are absolute change in prevalence, mean (95% CI), calculated with generalized estimating equations–based population-average estimates.
Data are net change in prevalence, mean (95% CI), calculated with generalized estimating equations–based population-average estimates.