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. 2020 May 11;48(11):6108–6119. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa365

Figure 7.

Figure 7.

Multi-step looping model. Protamine (pink) loops the DNA in multiple steps. Each step is an enthalpic bending of the DNA along a circular path. Multiple steps produce a loop. Bending could be carried out by one or more protamine molecules. Not to scale.