Figure 5.

Selection imposed by larval parasitoids on egg parasitoids (Platygaster sp.). The bold line represents the average difference in the probability of observing the egg parasitoid (original minus removal of larval parastioids) as a function of gall midge oviposition preference. Thin lines represent bootstrapped replicates to show the uncertainty in selection. For clarity, we only display 100 bootstraps even though inferences are based on 1000 replicates. The decrease in the probability of observing egg parasitoids at high gall‐midge densities indicate that larval parasitoids impose nonlinear selection on egg parasitoids.